面向控制的一维非等温两相流燃料电池模型研究

Control-oriented one-dimensional model for non-isothermal two-phase transport in fuel cells

经验模型不能反映电池内部复杂的物理化学耦合过程及其导致的响应迟滞,这给燃料电池系统精确控制策略的开发带来了一定困难。针对此问题,建立了面向控制的一维非等温两相流模型,考虑了流道内气体瞬态效应、电池内部水相变,研究了电流密度对气体浓度以及水热分布特性的影响,分析了运行条件和模型参数对电池输出电压的影响,探究了电流阶跃下该模型相比于集总参数模型在输出性能方面的优势。结果表明,该模型具有更好的适用性,可为燃料电池系统层面的模型优化及控制策略设计提供可靠依据。

The empirical model fails to capture the complex physical and chemical coupling processes occurring within the battery and the resulting response hysteresis,posing challenges for the development of precise control strategies for fuel cell systems.To address this issue,a control-oriented one-dimensional non-isothermal two-phase flow model was developed,with the transient effects of gas in the flow channel and the phase transition of water in the battery taken into account.The effects of current density on gas concentration and water-heat distribution characteristics were investigated.The impacts of operating conditions and model parameters on the output voltage of the battery were studied,and the advantages of the proposed model compared to the lumped parameter model in terms of output performance under current steps were analyzed.The results show that the model exhibits better applicability,providing a reliable foundation for model optimization and the design of control strategies at the fuel cell system level.