基于ChatGPT的人工智能奇点论反思:本体预设、类比逻辑和主体关切

Rethinking the Singularity Theory of Artificial Intelligence Based on ChatGPT:Ontology Presupposition,Analog Logic,and Agent Concern

ChatGPT的广泛应用再次激发了人们对人工智能能否突破奇点的讨论,这为我们反思奇点论的思想主张和叙事逻辑敞开新的思想空间。在本体预设上,人工智能奇点论秉持计算主义的智能观,其“世界是数”和“人是机器”的基本预设都是对世界抽象还原的结果,因而不能仅以机器算力的标准来评判人工智能对人类智能的超越。在类比逻辑上,人工智能奇点论将数据类比为经验材料、将算法类比为人类意识的做法,只是一种机械的形式化类比,其中抽象掉了以意识为载体的人类智能的社会历史内容,从而误将人工智能的自动性指认为人类智能的自主性。在主体关切上,人工智能奇点论对技术替代可能引发普遍失业的忧虑,虽然看到了技术发展可能使人贬值的深刻挑战,却没有透视到劳动与主体、技术与社会的复杂关系,忽视了资本逻辑支配技术演变从而消解主体性的深层本质。

ed,and thus the automaticity of artificial intelligence is mistakenly referred to as the autonomy of human intelligence.In terms of subject concern,the singularity theory of artificial intelligence is concerned that technological substitution may lead to widespread unemployment.Although it sees the profound challenge that technological development may devalue people,it fails to see through the complex relationship between labor and subject,technology and society,and ignores the deep nature of subjectivity that the logic of capital dominates the evolution of technology.