指向教与学的评价变革:鲁斯·达恩“作为学习的评价”理念的探析

The Assessment Reform of Teaching and Learning:An Analysis of Ruth Darn's Concept of“Assessment as Learning”

鲁斯•达恩首倡“作为学习的评价”,推进了评学关系的系统整合。从主要内容看,达恩认为“作为学习的评价”意在指明评价过程即学习过程;强调获取和处理反馈信息是重要的学习过程;认为自我评价和同伴评价是重要的实践表征;同时,立足学生中心,强调关注学生动机上的“好奇区”。从价值意义看,达恩为“作为学习的评价”的理论发展作出了重要贡献,主要包括:切入学习理论视角,将“作为学习的评价”置于建构主义学习观下;考量了评价理论,将该理念视作形成性评价的拓展;关注了评价实践,使该理念有了实践上的支撑;关注了师生协同,主张该理念事关教师的专业发展。基于此,我们应在教学中注重变革评价功能,推进“教—学—评”的系统整合,重视教学反馈的作用,并关注和培育学生的评价素养。

Ruth Darn advocated“assessment as learning”and promoted the systematic integration of the relationship between assessment and learning.From the main content,Darn believes that“assessment as learning”means to indicate that the assessment process is the learning process;Emphasizing that obtaining and processing feedback information is an important learning process;Believing that self-assessment and peer assessment are important practical representations;At the same time,based on the student-centered approach,emphasis is placed on paying attention to the curious areas of student motivation.From a value perspective,Darn has made significant contributions to the theoretical development of“assessment as learning”,mainly including:entering the perspective of learning theory and placing“assessment as learning”under the constructivist learning perspective;Considering the assessment theory,this concept is regarded as an extension of formative assessment;Focused on assessment practices,providing practical support for this concept;Focused on teacher-student collaboration and advocated that this concept is related to the professional development of teachers.Based on this,we should focus on transforming the assessment function in teaching,promote the systematic integration of“teaching learning assessment”,attach importance to the role of teaching feedback,and pay attention to and cultivate students assessment competence.