古代汉语与现代日语第一人称代词使用对比--以《论语》及其现代日语译本为例

A Comparison of the Use of First Person Pronouns between Ancient Chinese and Modern Japanese--Taking the Analects of Confucius and Its Modern Japanese Translation as an Example

聚焦于中国古典名著《论语》及其现代日语译本,从第一人称代词之省略、第一人称代词之翻译、第一人称代词之“礼”等方面探讨了古代汉语与现代日语第一人称代词的使用情况。研究结果表明,《论语》的原文和现代日语译文中第一人称代词使用数量相差不大,这与古代汉语和现代日语的表达中都有大量的第一人称代词省略的现象有关;在第一人称代词翻译的过程中,对某个古代汉语第一人称代词的现代日语译词的选择并不固定,且存在诸多增译和减译的情况;古代汉语和现代日语的表达都十分重视“礼”,为了适应不同场合的需要,不同种类的第一人称代词应运而生。

Focusing on the Chinese classic the Analects of Confucius and its modern Japanese translation,this paper examines the use of firstperson pronouns in ancient Chinese and modern Japanese from the aspects of the ellipsis of first-person pronouns,the translation of first-person pronouns,and the“etiquette”reflected by first-person pronouns.The results are as follows:the number of first person pronouns used in the original version and modern Japanese translation of the Analects of Confucius is similar,which can be attributed to the ellipsis of lots of first-person pronouns in both ancient Chinese and modern Japanese;in translation,the modern Japanese translation of first-person pronouns in ancient Chinese is not regular,and there are various techniques,most of which are addition and subtraction;both ancient Chinese and modern Japanese attach great importance to“etiquette”.Therefore,various first-person pronouns came into being so as to meet the needs in different occasions.