质子交换膜燃料电池气体扩散层研究进展

Advances of gas diffusion layer research for proton exchange membrane fuel cells

质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC)可以提供较高的功率/能量密度,是未来空间探索最有前途的动力设备之一,其性能主要取决于内部反应物的传输和水管理。气体扩散层(GDL)作为燃料电池中的重要组成部件,与燃料电池的质量、水、热和电的多相传输紧密相关,是反应物和液态水的主要传输场所。因此,要提高燃料电池性能,合理的气体扩散层的设计至关重要。从提升空间燃料电池的使用寿命、稳定性及电化学性能的角度出发,综述了气体扩散层的物理化学特性,并介绍了多种改性方法,包括疏水性、结构和新型一体式GDL以及其对燃料电池性能的影响,为未来空间燃料电池高性能GDL设计提供了参考。

Proton exchange membrane fuel cells(PEMFCs)offer high power and energy densities,making them among the most promising power devices for future space exploration.Their performance hinges on internal reactant transport and the removal of liquid water.As a crucial component of fuel cells,the gas diffusion layer(GDL)is intricately linked to the multiphase transport of mass,water,heat,and electricity within the fuel cell.It serves as the primary transport site for reactants and liquid water.Consequently,the design and modification of the gas diffusion layer are crucial for enhancing fuel cell performance.A review of the physicochemical properties of the gas diffusion layer(GDL)with the aim of enhancing the service life,stability,and electrochemical performance of space fuel cells was provided.Various modification methods,such as hydrophobic,structural,and novel one-piece GDLs,along with their effects on fuel cell performance were introduced.These findings would serve as a reference for the design of high-performance GDLs for future space fuel cells.