河南省三门峡市青少年视力不良现况及影响因素

The status and influencing factors of poor vision among adolescents in Sanmenxia of Henan

目的了解河南省三门峡市青少年视力不良现况,分析视力不良影响因素,为制订青少年视力保护措施提供依据。方法2021年10月,采用多阶段抽样方法随机抽取三门峡市12所学校的3287名中小学生,对其进行视力检测和校内用眼环境、读写姿势、用眼习惯、户外活动、睡眠情况、父母视力情况等内容的问卷调查,采用logistic回归分析影响因素。结果3287名青少年中,视力不良检出率为52.5%,男、女生分别为48.5%、57.8%,女生视力不良率高于男生(χ^(2)=27.982,P<0.05),筛查性近视率为84.1%。多因素分析显示:女性(OR=1.405,95%CI:1.208~1.636)、中学(OR=2.131,95%CI:1.735~2.618)、每月至少1次的座位调换(OR=1.906,95%CI:1.597~2.274)、经常不良用眼(OR=2.906,95%CI:2.322~3.637)、父母近视(OR=2.017,95%CI:1.720~2.365)是影响视力的危险因素,每学期至少1次的桌高调整(OR=0.809,95%CI:0.663~0.986)、每天至少1次的眼保健操(OR=0.807,95%CI:0.698~0.933)、眼书距离总是超一尺(OR=0.551,95%CI:0.368~0.826)、每天至少2 h的户外活动(OR=0.811,95%CI:0.694~0.948)、每天至少8 h的睡眠(OR=0.815,95%CI:0.682~0.973)是视力不良的保护因素。结论三门峡市青少年视力不良及近视情况严重,与校内用眼环境、学生读写姿势、用眼习惯、户外活动、睡眠和遗传关系密切。青少年视力保护工作任重道远,需要国家政策的支持,社会环境的保障,学校、家庭和个人也要给予足够的重视。

Objective To understand the status of poor vision among adolescents in Sanmenxia city,Henan province,and analyze the influencing factors of poor vision so as to provide the basis for the formulation of protective measures for adolescent vision.Methods Multi-stage random sampling method was used to randomly select 3287 primary and secondary school students from 12 schools in Sanmenxia in October 2021.Visual acuity test and questionnaire survey on eye use environment in school,reading and writing posture,eye use habits,outdoor activities,sleep condition and parents'visual acuity were conducted in the students selected.The influencing factors were analyzed by binary Logistic regression.Results Among 3287 adolescents,the detection rate of poor visual acuity was 52.5%,48.5%in males and 57.8%in females,respectively.The detection rate of poor visual acuity in females was higher than that in males(χ^(2)=27.982,P<0.05),and the screening myopia rate was 84.1%.Multivariate analysis showed that female(OR=1.405,95%CI:1.208-1.636),secondary school(OR=2.131,95%CI:1.735-2.618),seat change at least once a month(OR=1.906,95%CI:1.597-2.274),parental myopia(OR=2.017,95%CI:1.720-2.365)were all risk factors affecting vision.Adjusting desk height at least once a semester(OR=0.809,95%CI:0.663-0.986),and doing eye exercises at least once a day in school(OR=0.807,95%CI:0.698-0.933),keeping an eye-book distance of more than a foot(OR=0.551,95%CI:0.368-0.826),at least 2 hours outdoor activity per day(OR=0.811,95%CI:0.694-0.948),and at least 8 hours sleep per day(OR=0.815,95%CI:0.682-0.973)were all protective factors for poor vision.Conclusions Poor vision and myopia in adolescents in Sanmenxia city is severe,which is closely related to the school eye environment,students'reading and writing posture,eye habits,outdoor activities,sleep and heredity.The work of vision protection in adolescents is a long way to go,and it needs the support of national policies,the protection of social environment,and the sufficient attention of schools,families and individuals.