豳地考--从地理文献和铭刻资料再思考

The Identification of Bin

先周古史三部曲:后稷居邰、公刘迁豳、古公迁岐,公刘迁豳是中间环节。此事见于《诗·大雅·公刘》,为周人传诵,可比《圣经·出埃及记》。豳地在哪里,是考古学界长期关注的问题。2018年至今,西北大学在泾水流域的旬邑西头遗址发掘多年,为这一问题的解决提供了新线索。2023年5月,作者应邀参观该遗址后,搜集传世文献和出土铭刻(甲骨、青铜器、简牍、玺印、陶文)中的有关史料,结合彬县、旬邑、长武、泾川、灵台等地的地理考察,对豳地及其邻国做大致梳理,或有助考古学的调查研究。

The stories of Ji residing in Tai,Gongliu moving to Bin and Gugong moving to Qi constitute a pre-Zhou trilogy in ancient Chinese history.Among the three stories,Gongliu moving to Bin recorded in the Book of Poetry:Odes of the Kingdom,a story equivalent to the Book of Exodus in the Bible,was thought highly by the Zhou people.The location of Bin has been a hot issue in the academic circle of archaeology.The archaeological excavation carried out by the Northwest University in the Jing River valley since 2018,precisely in the site of Xitou at Xunyi of Shaanxi province provides some new clues to this question.This article is an examination of various records related to this issue including both transmitted texts and inscriptions on excavated objects,and an investigation of the geographical connection of Binxian,Xunyi,Changwu,Jingchuan,and Lingtai,aiming to assist the archaeological identification of Bin.