基于高压水射流技术的植物工厂栽培板清洗装置设计

Design on Plant Factory Cultivation Board Cleaning Device Based on High-pressure Water Jet Technology

植物工厂以生产效率高、自动化程度高、不受自然条件影响及环境可调控等优点,被应用于科学研究、植物生产等领域。但植物工厂栽培板存在清洗费力、清洗不彻底等问题,不仅影响植物生长,还制约植物工厂生产效率的提高。对比既有设施农业清洁方式,研究植物工厂栽培板清洗工作原理,利用AutoCAD软件设计了一种基于高压水射流清洗方式的植物工厂栽培板清洗装置。研究了清洗结构、喷嘴类型和水射流影响因子(水射流锥角、水射流压力、靶距和水射流速度)等内容,确定适用于植物工厂栽培板清洗的清洗装置最优参数为水射流靶距20~60 cm、水射流锥角65°和水射流压力1 000 Pa,清洗喷嘴类型为口径3.5 mm的扇型喷嘴。利用Soildworks软件对栽培板清洗效果进行预测及仿真分析,试验结果表明,基于高压水射流的清洗装置可以达到有效清洗植物工厂栽培板的目的,有效提高植物工厂工作效率。该研究可为栽培板清洗装置研究提供理论基础和技术支撑,为植物工厂清洗装置设计开发提供参考。

Plant factories are used in scientific research and plant production with advantages of high production efficiency,high automation,independent of natural conditions and adjustable environment.However,plant factories still have problems such as laborious cultivation plate cleaning and incomplete cleaning,which not only affect plant growth,but also restrict production efficiency of plant factories.Compared with existing facility agriculture cleaning methods,working principle of plant factory cultivation board cleaning was studied,and a plant factory cultivation board cleaning device based on high-pressure water jet technology was designed using Auto CAD software.Cleaning structure,nozzle type,and water jet influencing factors(water jet cone angle,water jet pressure,target distance,and water jet velocity)were studied,and optimal parameters for plant factory cultivation board cleaning device was determined,which were water jet target distance from 20 cm to 60 cm,water jet cone angle of 65 °,and water jet pressure of 1000 Pa,and cleaning nozzle type was a fan-shaped nozzle with a diameter of 3.5 mm.Cleaning effect of cultivation boards was predicted and simulated using Soilworks software.Experimental results showed that cleaning device based on high-pressure water jet could effectively clean cultivation board of plant factory and improve work efficiency of plant factory.It could provide theoretical basis and technical support for research of cultivation board cleaning devices,and provide reference for design and development of cleaning devices in plant factory.