汉英方位隐喻异同体认语言学—文化脚本理据阐发——以“上/下”(up/down)为例

Similarities and Differences in Chinese and English Orientational Metaphors-embodied Cognitive Linguistics-cultural Script Dual Motivation Explanation-taking"up/down"as an Example

本研究借助北大语料库(CCL)、英国国家语料库(BNC)和美国当代语料库(COCA)收集相关语料,按所属意象进行分类,并借助体认语言学阐释其跨语言共性,诉诸文化脚本比较剖析其个性。本文得出,汉英“上/下”(up/down)方位隐喻存在状态、社会地位、道德、动作、程度与时间六大相同意象以及地理文化、时间取向与思维方式三大差异。本文为汉英方位隐喻系统对比研究做了尝试性的基础探索工作,以期为左右、前后、深浅、里外、高低、中心—边缘等更加复杂抽象的方位隐喻概念奠定基础。

Metaphor is an excellent tol for human cognition of the world.The publication of Lakoff and Johnson's 1980 monograph Metaphors We Live By symbolized the birth of cognitive metaphor.The research of two scholars demonstrates that the system that we use to think and act,is metaphorical in nature.Location words describe the spatial relationships of the real world,and are an indispensable part of human language.Among them,the"up/down"setting solidifies the basic position and utilizes cognitive metaphors to project more target domains to depict more images.This study resorts to the Center for Chinese Linguistics of Peking University(CCL),the British National Corpus(BNC),and the Corpus of Contemporary American English(COCA)to collect relevant language materials,classifying them according to different images,as well as employing embodied cognitive linguistics and cultural scripts to explain their cross-linguistic commonalities and individual personalities.This paper concludes that there are six common metaphors of up/down orientation in Chinese and English,including state,social status,morality,action,degree and time,in addition to three prominent differences in geographical culture,time orientation,and way of thinking.This paper provides a fundamental exploration for the comparative study of orientational metaphors in Chinese and English,aiming at laying a solid foundation for more complex and abstract concepts such as left and right,front and back,deep and shallow,high and low,inside and outside,besides center and periphery.