乡村治理秩序重构:机理与现代化方向

Reconstruction of Rural Governance Order:Mechanism and Modernization Direction

乡村善治是建设和美乡村的重要基础。乡土中国历来是一个非制度化极具张力的社会,在“差序格局”的传统秩序内,“三缘”内生出以关系交易、集体行动、人情文化为特征的有序社会规范,从本质上表达为由权利不充分而构筑的风险共担、利益共享的生存机制。本文以土地赋权、机会开放和保障强化为分析视角,揭示中国乡村治理秩序撕裂与重构的发生机理与现代化方向。本文阐明,随着地权制度改革逐步对农民“赋权强能”以拓展享益空间,经济形态转变与开放赋予农民流动择业与融入现代市场的选择机会,国家多层次社保机制强化农民的发展权利,均在冲击农村传统关系型治理秩序的构筑基础,并以契约化、正式化的现代方式重塑乡村治理体系。本文强调,面临农村社会经济交易与社会交往秩序正在发生的深刻转型,应准确把握乡村现代治理方向,强调三治融合,形成制度化与非制度化协调互促的现代乡村治理体系,建设和谐美丽新农村。

Good governance in rural areas is an important basis for building a harmonious and beautiful countryside.Rural China has always been a non-institutionalized society with great tension.In the traditional order of“differential pattern”,orderly social norms characterized by relationship trading,collective action and human culture emerged in the“three borders”,which essentially expressed the survival mechanism of risk sharing and benefit sharing built because of insufficient rights.From the perspective of land empowerment,opportunity opening and security strengthening,this paper reveals the mechanism and modernization direction of the tear and reconstruction of rural governance order in China.The article states that with the reform of land rights system gradually“empowering and strengthening”farmers to expand the benefit space,the transformation and opening up of economic form give farmers the choice opportunity to choose jobs and integrate into the modern market,and the national multi-level social security mechanism strengthens farmers’development rights,all of which are impacting the foundation of the traditional relational governance order in rural areas.And reshape the rural governance system in the modern way of contract and formalization.The article emphasizes that facing the profound transformation of rural social economic transactions and social communication order,China should accurately grasp the direction of modern rural governance,emphasize the integration of three governance,form a modern rural governance system of institutionalization and non-institutionalization,and build a harmonious and beautiful new countryside.