不同肥密因子对冬种马铃薯地膜覆盖高产效应的影响

Effects of Different Fertilizer and Density Factors on Yield of Winter Potato with Plastic Mulching

为了探索冬种马铃薯地膜覆盖高产高效肥密优化方案,基于四因子五水平的二次通用旋转组合设计方法,研究种植密度与氮、磷、钾肥施用量对冬种马铃薯地膜覆盖高产效应的影响,建立了肥密因子与马铃薯产量的二次回归数学模型。模型的方程解析与寻优结果表明:建立的二次回归数学模型达极显著水平,回归模型与实际的拟合度较好。回归系数显著性检验结果显示,种植密度与施钾量的一、二次项均为极显著水平,施氮量与施磷量的一次项为显著水平、二次项为极显著水平,施磷量与施钾量的互作效应为显著水平。各因子对马铃薯产量的影响顺序为:施钾量>种植密度>施氮量>施磷量。根据该模型提出每667m^(2)马铃薯目标产量2750 kg的肥密优化组合方案为:每667m^(2)种植密度4488~4748株;每667m^(2)施N量17.11~18.39 kg;每667m^(2)施P_(2)O_(5)量6.31~7.04 kg;每667m^(2)施K_(2)O量18.32~19.45 kg。

In order to explore the fertilizer and density optimization scheme with high yield and high efficiency for winter potato using plastic mulching,the quadratic general rotation combination design based on four factors and five levels was used to study the effects of planting density and fertilizer application rate of nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium on winter potato yield with plastic mulching,and the quadratic regression mathematical model of fertilizer-density factors and potato yield was established.The results showed that the established quadratic regression mathematical model reached an extremely significant level and had better goodness of fit in the actual situation.The results of the regression coefficient significance test appeared the first-order and second-order terms of planting density and potassium application rate were both extremely significant levels,while the first-order term of nitrogen and phosphorus application rate was a significant level and the second-order term was an extremely significant level,and the interaction effect between phosphorus application rate and potassium application rate had a significant level.The order of influence of each factor on potato yield was shown as follows:potassium application rate>planting density>nitrogen application rate>phosphorus application rate.According to this model,the optimal fertilizer and density combination scheme for a target potato yield of 2750 kg per 667m^(2) was proposed for planting density of 4488~4748 plants per 667m^(2);N application rate of 17.11~18.39 kg per 667m^(2);P_(2)O_(5) application rate of 6.31~7.04 kg per 667m^(2);K_(2)O application rate of 18.32~19.45 kg per 667m^(2).