水淹图书档案的抢救方法与处理技术研究

Research on Rescue Methods and Treatment Techniques for HandlingWaterflooding Books and Archives

水灾会给图书档案等纸质文献带来巨大的损失,但是如果收藏主体或救援机构及时应对,采用最优的方法进行抢救和处理,不仅可以挽救图书档案,也更节省人力、物力和时间。文章聚焦于水灾发生后的时间段,以实用性为出发点,着重讨论在应对和恢复两个阶段中,工作人员如何清理受灾现场、评估灾害状况、准备抢救物资、搬运图书档案,如何对纸质文献进行冷冻;并总结了7种干燥方法的所需条件、干燥原理、优缺点,详细介绍了自然风干法和真空冷冻干燥法的操作环节,以期为收藏机构和个人提供行动指南,为制定和更新应急预案提供借鉴。

Floods can cause significant damage to paper-based documents such as books and archives.However,timely intervention by collectors or rescue organizations and the application of optimal methods for salvage and treatment can not only save books and archives but also conserve manpower,resources,and time.This paper focuses on the period following a flood,with practicality as its starting point,emphasizing discussions on how to clean the disaster site,assess the extent of damage,prepare rescue materials,transport books and archives,and employ techniques such as freezing for paper documents.It summarizes the requirements,principles,advantages,and disadvantages of seven drying methods and provides detailed operational procedures for natural air drying and vacuum freeze-drying,aiming to offer action guidelines for collecting institutions and individuals and to serve as a reference for developing and updating emergency plans.