中国新型农业经营主体发育成熟度及关键因子分析——以29省(直辖市、自治区)种植类家庭农场为例

Analysis on the development maturity and key factors of new-type agricultural management entities in China:Taking the planting family farms in 29 provinces(municipalities and autonomous regions)as an example

基于2016—2018年29省(直辖市、自治区)家庭农场监测数据,以种植类家庭农场为研究对象,从农场规模、管理能力、经营成本、利用强度、发展愿景5个维度评估农场发育成熟度,并通过区位熵指数对不同区域农场发育成熟度有突出贡献的关键因子进行分析,探讨农场培育主要路径。结果表明,随农场经营规模扩大,其总成本、纯收入、总收入以及劳动生产率增加,而土地生产率下降。理想经营规模表现出明显的北高南低分布,总体与可耕资源总量相适应,非农经济发达地区的家庭农场表现出向适度规模发展的趋势;各省农场发育成熟度普遍增强,且高值区呈由华东、华南向华北地区迁移的趋势,而由于耕地资源质量和规模的限制、土地流转、专业人才、技术发展影响,西部及部分中部地区省份的家庭农场发育相对滞后;机械投入、农场面积、与合作社和龙头企业的联系、土地流转租金表现出最高的区位熵指数,对当地农场发育成熟度的贡献主要受制于地区农业种植技术、土地资源禀赋、经济发展水平以及政策扶持力度。

Based on the monitoring data of family farms in 29 provinces(municipalities and autonomous regions)from 2016 to 2018,taking the planting family farms as the research object,the farm development maturity from five dimensions of farm scale,manage-ment capability,management cost,utilization intensity and development vision was evaluated.The key factors contributing to farm de-velopment maturity in different regions were analyzed by location entropy index,and the main path of farm cultivation was explored.The results showed that the total cost,net income,total income and labor productivity increased with the expansion of farm operation scale,while the land productivity decreased.The ideal management scale showed obvious high distribution in the north and low distri-bution in the south,which was generally suitable for the total amount of arable resources.Family farms in the non-agricultural econom-ically developed areas showed a trend of developing to a moderate scale.The development maturity of farms in all provinces was gener-ally enhanced,and the high value area was migrating from east and south China to north China,because of the limitation of the quality and scale of cultivated land,circulation of land,professional talents and technical development,the development of family farms in the western and some central provinces was relatively backward.Machinery input,farm area,links with co-operatives and leading en-terprises,and land transfer rent showed the highest location entropy index,and the contribution to the development maturity of local farms was mainly restricted by regional agricultural planting technology,land resource endowment,economic development level and policy support.