城市碳全要素生产率的时空差异及其溢出效应——基于中国283个地级市的实证研究

The Spatial-Temporal Differentiation and Spatial Spillover Effects of Urban Carbon Total Factor Productivity—An Empirical Study Based on 283 Prefecture-Level Cities in China

提升城市碳全要素生产率是有序推动经济绿色低碳转型和积极落实碳达峰碳中和目标的关键所在。基于两期非径向方向距离函数与卢恩伯格生产率指数,对2003—2020年中国283个地级市的碳全要素生产率进行更为合理的测度与分解,并结合共同前沿理论建立生产率差距变化指数,探究城市群间碳全要素生产率增速时空差异的来源,同时分析城市集聚效应对碳全要素生产率空间溢出的影响。研究发现:中国城市碳全要素生产率虽然取得一定增长,但仍处于较低水平,产出效率有待提升,技术进步是提高碳全要素生产率的主要动力。根据生产率差距变化指数将城市群碳全要素生产率划分为正主峰型、负主峰型与反复波动型。碳全要素生产率在空间上具有正向溢出效应,城市集聚效应对本地和邻地碳全要素生产率都呈现先下降后上升的变化趋势。据此,提出应兼顾要素投入集约和产出结构优化,绿色发展应分类分区精准施策以及加强空间治理观念,建立推动经济增长低碳化的区域协同机制。

Improving urban carbon total factor productivity is the key to orderly promote the green and low-carbon transformations of the economy and actively implement the carbon peak and carbon neutrality.Based on the biennial non-radial directional distance function and Laenberger productivity indicator,this paper reasonably measures and decomposes the carbon total factor productivity of 283 prefecture-level cities in China during 2003—2020.In addition,the study aims to establish the productivity gap indicator based on the meta-frontier theory,explore the sources of spatial-temporal differentiation in the growth rate of carbon total factor productivity among regions,and analyze the impact of urban agglomeration effects on the spatial spillover of carbon total factor productivity.It can be discovered that:urban carbon total factor productivity is still at a low level,despite some growth,technical progress is the main driving force for improving carbon total factor productivity.According to the productivity gap change index,the carbon total factor productivity of urban agglomerations is divided into positive main peak type,negative main peak type,and recurrent fluctuation type.The carbon total factor productivity has positive spillover effects in space,the urban agglomeration effects show a downward and then upward trend in both local and neighboring carbon total factor productivity.Based on this,it is suggested in the paper that we should balance input intensification effect with output optimization effect,choose a low-carbon transformation path tailored to local conditions and enhance the concept of spatial governance,and thus establish a regional collaborative mechanism to promote low-carbon economic growth.