油菜新品种在杨凌农业高新技术产业示范区的比较试验

Comparative Experiment of New Rape Varieties in Yangling Agricultural High-Tech Industry Demonstration Zone

油菜是我国食用植物油的第一大来源,黄淮区域及其以北冬油菜区是我国重要油菜产区之一,杨凌油菜试点的区试结果能较好反映整个黄淮区试的平均结果。为进一步提高油菜产量与品质,加快品种更新换代的步伐,挖掘高品质油菜品种,提高种植农户的经济效益,从全国针对性地收集油菜品种,并进行试验示范。结果表明,油菜2132和秦油64菌核病发病率为23.81%,较CK高17.46个百分点;秦油64、荣华油369、秦优116和秦优7号(CK)株高均高于180 cm,抗倒伏性差;秦优2185株高较低,单株有效角果数较低,较CK增产6.11%;晋油256虽然单株有效角果数和每角粒数低于运杂1810,但晋油256异形株率和抗倒伏性、一次有效分枝数、千粒重和产量均优于运杂1810,且较CK增产25.87%,差异极显著,综合性状最优。因此,综合各性状表现,晋油256可在杨凌区优先推广。

Rapeseed is the largest source of edible vegetable oil in China,and the Huanghuai and its Northern Winter Rapeseed Region are one of the i mportant rapeseed production areas in China.The results of the Yanglin g rapeseed pilot regional trial can better reflect the average results of the entire Huanghuai trial.In order to further improve the yield and quality of rapeseed,accelerate the pace of variety renewal,explore high-quality rapeseed,and improve the economic benefits of farmers,targeted collection of rapeseed varieties from various parts of the country is needed,and conduct experimental demonstrations.The results showed that the incidence rate of sclerotinia sclerotiorum in 2132 and Qinyou 64 was 23.81%,17.46 percentage points higher than that in CK.The plant heights of Qinyou 64,Ronghuayou 369,Qinyou 116,and Qinyou 7(CK)were all higher than 180 cm,indicating poor lodging resistance.Qinyou 2185 had a lower plant height and lower number of effective pods per plant,increasing yield by 6.11%compared to CK;Although the effective number of pods per plant and the number of seeds per pod of Jinyou 256 were lower than those of Yunza 1810,the heteromorphic plant rate,lodging resistance,number of effective branches per plant,thousand seed weight,and yield of Jinyou 256 were better than those of Yunza 1810,and the yield was increased by 25.87%compared to CK,with significant differences and the best comprehensive traits.Therefore,based on the comprehensive performance of various characters,Jinyou 256 can be prioritized for promotion in the Yangling.