风载作用下高速列车曲线通过性能研究

Research on the Curve Negotiation Performance of High-Speed Trains under Wind Load

在风载和曲线欠超高叠加的不利工况下,高速列车的运行安全性表现出复杂的变化规律,因此需要针对风载作用下高速列车的曲线通过安全性进行深入研究。采用空气动力学和车辆动力学相结合的分析方法,考虑车速和风速变化、实际轮轨匹配及线路激励情况,建立瞬态风载模型、横风作用下高速列车空气动力学模型及车辆动力学模型;对高速列车在不同车速和风速作用下的气动载荷变化规律进行分析,并对其以不同速度通过不同欠超高曲线线路时的脱轨系数、轮重减载率和轮轴横向力等车辆关键动力学参数的变化规律进行分析,研究风载和曲线欠超高对高速列车脱轨和倾覆的影响。结果表明:风速变化引起的侧向力系数变化幅度大于车速;在风载和曲线欠超高叠加的不利工况下,除轮重减载率安全裕量明显降低外,轮轴横向力的安全裕量也降低,且车辆关键悬挂部件工作状态恶化,其中二系横向止档的位移迅速增大且工作状态接近压并,左右两侧空气弹簧压力差也迅速增大,车辆动力学性能的安全裕量明显下降。

Under the disadvantage working conditions of wind load and cant deficiency,the running safety of high-speed trains displays complicated variation laws.Therefore,it is necessary to conduct in-depth research on the safety of curve negotiation of high-speed trains under wind load.Based on the combined analysis method of aerodynamics and vehicle dynamics,the transient wind load model,the aerodynamic model and the vehicle dynamics model of high-speed train under cross wind are established taking into account the changes in running speed,wind speed,the measured wheel rail profile,as well as the track irregularity.The variation laws of aerodynamic load of high-speed trains under different wind speed and running speed are analyzed.And the variation laws of key dynamics parameters of high-speed trains are studied when train negotiates large radius curves with different cant deficiency at different speeds,including derailment coefficient,wheel unloading ratio and wheelset lateral force.The influence of wind load and cant deficiency on the derailment and overturning of high-speed trains is studied.The results show that the change in lateral force coefficient caused by wind speed is greater than that of running speed;under the disadvantage working conditions of wind load and cant deficiency,the safety margin of vehicle dynamics performance will significantly decrease such as the wheel unloading ratio and wheelset lateral force.And the working condition of key suspension components of the high-speed train deteriorates,the displacement of secondary lateral stop increases rapidly and it is tightly compressed,the pressure difference between the left and right air springs also increases rapidly,and the safety margin of the vehicle’s dynamic performance significantly decreases.