基于《辅行诀》所载“汤液经法图”的辛味毒性中药炮制辅料的药味规律研究

Herbal property rules of processing excipients of pungent toxic Chinese medicine based on the“Tang-ye-jing-fa map”in Fuxingjue

目的用“汤液经法图”五味补泻用药理论分析2020年版《中国药典》辛味毒性中药炮制辅料的药味规律,为中药炮制理论提供新思路。方法选取2020年版《中国药典》辛味毒性中药,通过药智网和蒲标网检索各省市历代炮制规范中所采用的辅料,对辅料的五味属性进行统计分析,并采用“汤液经法图”五味补泻用药理论进行分析验证。结果从“汤液经法图”五味补泻用药理论角度看,辛味药补肝、酸味药泻肝;甘味药补脾、辛味药泻脾。由于补泻关系相反的两种药味具有相互制约的能力,故辛味毒性中药可用甘味、酸味辅料来炮制。2020年版《中国药典》辛味毒性中药共有48种,21种辛味毒性中药采用辅料炮制,炮制辅料总共53种,其中14种辛味的毒性中药炮制辅料药味以甘味、酸味为主(出现频次最高),包括附子、半夏、艾叶、吴茱萸等,与“汤液经法图”五味补泻用药理论相符。结论从“汤液经法图”五味补泻用药理论角度看,辛味毒性中药可采用甘味、酸味辅料进行炮制,可为中药炮制理论提供参考。

Objective To analyze the herbal property rules of processing excipients of pungent toxic Chinese medicine in Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2020 Editon)based on the theory of tonification and purgation of five flavors in“Tang-ye-jing-fa map”and to provide new ideas for the processing of traditional Chinese medicine.Methods Processing excipients of pungent toxic Chinese medicine in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia were retrieved through regulations on the processing of Chinese medicines over the years recorded by Yaozhi.com and Pubiao.com.The five flavors properties of pungent toxic processing excipients were analyzed and verified by the theory of tonification and purgation of five flavors in“Tang-ye-jing-fa map”.Results In“Tang-ye-jing-fa map”,pungent Chinese medicine could tonify the liver and purge the spleen;sour taste could purge the liver;sweet taste could tonify the spleen.Two types of Chinese medicines with opposite pharmaceutical properties might constrain each other.So,pungent toxic Chinese medicines could be processed with sweet and sour medicinal excipients.The 2020 Edition of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia included 48 pungent toxic Chinese medicines,21 of which were prepared with excipients based on the the processing regulations of Chinese medicines.There were 53 processing excipients in total 14 of which were mainly of sweet and sour taste,consistent with the theory of tonification and purgation of five flavors in“Tang-ye-jingfa map”.Conclusion Pungent toxic Chinese medicine can be prepared with sweet and sour excipients according to“Tang-ye-jing-fa map”,which provides reference for the processing of Chinese medicine.