经典名方中鸦胆子的本草考证

Herbal Textual Research on Bruceae Fructus in Famous Classical Formulas

通过查阅历代本草典籍及现代文献资料,笔者对鸦胆子的名称、基原、产地、采收加工、炮制、性味归经、功能主治、禁忌毒性等进行本草考证,梳理其古今药用沿革,为含鸦胆子药材的经典名方开发提供参考依据。经考证可知,鸦胆子自清代始入本草,历代本草多以“鸦胆子”为正名,另有老鸦胆、苦参子、鸦蛋子等别名。鸦胆子主流基原为苦木科鸦胆子属植物鸦胆子Brucea javanica;药用部位为果实,采收期为每年阴历8—10月,果实成熟即可采收。鸦胆子最早分布于福建、广东、广西一带,随着时代变迁,逐步扩大至我国南方等地均有产。鸦胆子的传统炮制方式以去壳取仁,作霜捶去油为主。2020年版《中华人民共和国药典》规定其炮制方法为除去果壳及杂质。基于考证结果,建议开发包含鸦胆子的经典名方时,选取鸦胆子B.javanica的干燥成熟果实入药,原方未明确注明炮制要求的可以选用生品。

Through consulting the ancient herbal books and modern literature,this paper has carried out the textual research on the name,origin,place of origin,harvesting and processing,and other contents of Bruceae Fructus,combed its ancient and modern medicinal history,so as to provide reference for the development of famous classical formulas containing Bruceae Fructus.Through the herbal textual research,It can be verified that,since the Qing dynasty,Bruceae Fructus has been recorded in the materia medica,most of the materia medica in previous dynasties took Bruceae Fructus as its proper name,and Laoyadan,Kushenzi and Yadanzi as the aliases.The main origin of Bruceae Fructus is Brucea javanica,its medicinal part is the fruit,which is harvested from August to October every year,the fruit can be harvested when it is ripe.Bruceae Fructus was first distributed in Fujian,Guangdong and Guangxi,and gradually expanded to the south of China with the change of time.The traditional processing method of Bruceae Fructus is mainly to remove the shell and kernel,and remove the oil by frosting.The 2020 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia stipulates that its processing method is to remove the shell and impurities.Based on the research results,it is suggested that the dried mature fruit of B.javanica should be selected for the development of famous classical formulas containing this herb,and the raw products can be used if the original formula does not specify the processing requirements.