基于胆南星挥发性成分的发酵年份识别

Age Discrimination Based on Volatile Components of Arisaema Cum Bile

目的:该研究采用顶空固相微萃取(HS-SPME)结合气相色谱-质谱法(GC-MS),分析未发酵胆南星、一年制胆南星、二年制胆南星和三年制胆南星的挥发性成分的差异,以识别不同发酵年份的胆南星。方法:采集不同发酵年份的胆南星样本,利用HS-SPME-GC-MS技术检测各样本的挥发性成分。通过主成分分析(PCA)、聚类热图分析(HCA)、偏最小二乘法判别分析(PLS-DA)等化学计量学分析方法,对检测到的挥发性成分的相对含量进行处理和分析。结果:共鉴定出145种挥发性物质,其中杂环类、醇类、醛类和芳香类是相对含量较高的挥发性成分。采用PCA、HCA和PLS-DA等分析方法均可直观地对不同发酵年份的胆南星进行有效区分。根据VIP值>1的标准,筛选出73种具有差异性标志的挥发性成分。在未发酵胆南星2,6,11-三甲基十二烷、间二甲苯的含量最高,且与发酵样品的含量差异均有显著统计学意义(P<0.05);仅在一年制胆南星中检出2,3-丁二醇,仅在二年制胆南星中检出正辛烷,仅在三年制胆南星中检出庚酸乙酯,这些成分可作为不同发酵年份胆南星的气味标志物。结论:该研究基于HS-SPME-GC-MS技术所建立的胆南星挥发性成分识别方法,可实现胆南星未发酵与1~3年发酵年份的快速判别,为胆南星炮制工艺规范化及质量标准研究提供科学依据。

Objective:To discriminate the age of Arisaema Cum Bile,the combination of headspace solid-phase microextraction(HS-SPME) with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS) was applied to explore the differences of volatile components of unfermented,1-year fermented,2-year fermented,and 3-year fermented Arisaema Cum Bile.Method:Samples with different fermentation durations were collected and HSSPME-GC-MS technology was employed to detect the volatile components of each sample.The relative contents of detected volatile components were processed and analyzed by chemometrics methods such as principal component analysis(PCA),hierarchical cluster analysis(HCA),and partial least squares discriminant analysis(PLS-DA).Result:The results showed that 145 volatile components were identified.Among these volatile components,the relative contents of heterocyclic,alcohols,aldehydes and aromatics were high.PCA,HCA,and PLS-DA can effectively separate Arisaema Cum Bile with four different ages.Based on variable importance in projection(VIP) value > 1,73 markers of differential volatile components were identified.The content of 2,6,11-trimethyldodecane and m-xylene in unfermented samples was the highest,and the content difference between them and those in fermented samples was significant(P<0.05).2,3-butanediol was detected only in 1-year samples,octane was detected only in 2-year samples,and ethyl heptanoate was detected only in 3-year samples.These components can be used as odor markers for Arisaema Cum Bile with different fermentation years.Conclusion:The identification method of volatile components of Arisaema Cum Bile was established by HS-SPME-GC-MS technology,which can realize the rapid identification of unfermented,1-year fermented,2-year fermented,and 3-year fermented samples,and provide a scientific basis for the standardization of processing technology and quality standards of Arisaema Cum Bile.