中药调控PI3K/Akt信号通路改善认知障碍的研究进展

Regulating PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway by Traditional Chinese Medicine to Improve Cognitive Impairment:A Review

认知障碍是指大脑的海马、皮层等部位出现异常,表现为学习、记忆、注意力等认知能力下降。随着人们的工作压力和不良生活习惯的愈发严重,认知障碍发生率越来越高,严重影响人们的正常生活。目前改善认知障碍的西药存在胃肠道反应和锥体外系反应等不良反应。因此,开发一种不良反应相对较小的药物具有重要意义。中药发挥药效作用具有“多成分、多途径、多靶点”的特点,不良反应发生率相对较小。研究表明认知障碍发病原因与大脑皮层和海马体神经元氧化应激反应、炎症反应、凋亡、自噬等过程密切相关。磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶(PI3K)/蛋白激酶B(Akt)信号通路是一条在传导细胞内外信号方面起重要作用的传导通路,在调节细胞炎症、凋亡、自噬等方面发挥着重要作用。中药单体、中药提取物、中药复方通过调控PI3K/Akt信号通路发挥抗炎、抗氧化、抗凋亡、调节自噬等作用,达到改善认知障碍的目的。该篇综述先总结PI3K/Akt信号通路的组成与调控过程,后论述其通过改善神经元氧化应激、炎症反应、凋亡与自噬等过程而改善认知障碍的研究进展,最后对近年来中药单体、中药提取物、中药复方调控该信号通路改善认知障碍的研究现状进行总结,为后期认知障碍相关中药新药的研究提供理论依据。

Cognitive impairment refers to the abnormality of the hippocampus,cortex and other parts of the brain,which is manifested by the decline of cognitive abilities such as learning,memory and attention.With the increase in people's work pressure and bad living habits,the incidence of cognitive impairment is getting higher and higher,which seriously affects people's normal life.However,there are adverse reactions such as gastrointestinal reactions and extrapyramidal reactions in Western drug treatment for cognitive impairment.Therefore,the development of a drug with relatively minimal adverse reactions is of great significance.Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) has the characteristics of "multi-component,multi-pathway and multitarget",and the incidence of adverse reactions is relatively low.Studies have shown that the pathogenesis of cognitive impairment is closely related to oxidative stress,inflammation,apoptosis,autophagy and other processes of neurons in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus.Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase(PI3K)-protein kinase B(Akt) signal pathway plays an important role in the transmission of intracellular and intracellular signals,and in the regulation of cellular inflammation,apoptosis,autophagy,etc.TCM monomers,TCM extracts,and TCM compounds exert anti-inflammatory,antioxidant,anti-apoptotic and autophagy regulation effects by regulating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway to improve cognitive impairment.This review first summarized the composition and regulatory process of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway,and then discussed the research progress on the improvement of cognitive impairment through the improvement of oxidative stress,inflammation,apoptosis and autophagy of neurons.Finally,the recent research status of the regulation of this signaling pathway by TCM extracts,TCM monomers and TCM compounds to improve cognitive impairment was summarized.This study provides a theoretical basis for the future study of new TCM related to cognitive impairment.