发展抑或治理:乡村振兴背景下能人治村的行动逻辑——基于浙江宁波象山县T镇的田野调查

Development or Governance:The Action Logic of Village Governance by Capable People in the Context of Rural Revitalization——Based on a Field Survey in T Town,Xiangshan County,Ningbo,Zhejiang

随着乡村振兴战略的深入推进,能人治村的制度空间和实践内涵发生了较大变化。在乡村振兴的政策语境和现实诉求中,能人治村是在地方政府发展理念的导向下,用发展秩序代替乡村社会中的生活秩序,追求村庄发展的治理模式。受地方政府发展村庄诉求与村庄社会秩序维持双重治理任务的影响,能人群体根据自身的价值追求所开展的治村行为呈现出差异化形态,形成造点式创新、达标式创新、选点式创建和回馈式维持等4种村治类型。地方政府强烈的村庄发展诉求会引导能人回流并主导村庄治理。基层治理的规范化、相对成熟稳定的治理制度能够制约能人群体的谋利行为,有助于确保能人群体的公共性和维持村庄治理秩序。但由于能人群体与村庄的脱嵌性,其在治理中通常会采用摆平的策略。能人治村建构起镇村两级互动的乡村发展联盟,构成乡村发展型治理的新模式,并重塑乡村关系,由此反映出以行政力量主导乡村现代化带来的发展错位。

With the in-depth promotion of rural revitalization strategy,the institutional space and practical connotation of village governance by capable people have undergone great changes.In the policy context and real demand of rural revitalization,village governance by capable people is a governance mode that pursues village development by replacing the order of life in village society with the order of development under the guidance of local government's development concept.Influenced by the dual governance tasks of the local government's demand for village development and the maintenance of village social order,the village governance behaviors carried out by the capable people groups according to their own value pursuits show differentiated patterns,forming four types of village governance,that is,point-making innovation,compliance innovation,point selection creation and feedback maintenance.Local governments'strong demand for village development will lead the return of capable people to dominate village governance.The standardization of primary-level governance and the relatively mature and stable governance system can restrain the profit-seeking behaviors of the capable people,and help to ensure the public nature of the capable people groups and maintain the order of village governance.However,due to the disembedded nature of the capable people and the village,their governance usually adopts the strategy of mediation.The village governance by the capable people has created a rural development alliance with interaction between the township and village levels,constituting a new model of developmental rural governance and reshaping rural relations,thus reflecting the developmental mismatch brought about by the domination of rural modernization by administrative power.