2021年喀什地区维吾尔族居民健康素养水平及影响因素分析

Health literacy level and its influencing factors among Uyghur residents in Kashgar in 2021

目的 了解新疆维吾尔自治区(新疆)喀什地区维吾尔族居民健康素养水平并分析其影响因素,为有针对性地制定健康教育措施提供科学依据。方法 2021年9-11月,采用多阶段分层随机抽样的方法,抽取喀什地区维吾尔族居民进行调查,使用统一编制的《全国居民健康素养监测调查问卷》进行问卷调查。结果 共调查喀什地区维吾尔族居民5 172人,健康素养水平为4.33%,其中基本知识与理念、健康生活方式和行为、健康技能3个维度素养水平分别为10.63%、6.75和3.83%;具备6类健康问题素养从高到低依次为科学健康观(19.68%)、安全与急救素养(13.38%)、健康信息素养(12.01%),传染病防治素养(11.68%)、基本医疗素养(10.94%)和慢性病防治素养(9.40%)。多因素logistic回归分析显示,城市居民健康素养高于农村(OR=1.65, 95%CI:1.11~2.45);已婚者低于未婚者(OR=0.86, 95%CI:0.55~1.35),分居/离异/丧偶者高于未婚者(OR=1.73,95%CI:0.90~3.32);健康素养随文化程度升高上升[与小学及以下相比,初中(OR=1.83, 95%CI:1.27~2.65)、高中(OR=1.83, 95%CI:1.09~3.09)、大专/本科及以上(OR=2.95,95%CI:1.60~5.44)];职业方面,与公务员相比医务人员健康素养最高(OR=8.01,95%CI:1.01~63.78)。结论 喀什地区维吾尔族居民健康素养水平较低,应全面加强该地区的健康教育与健康促进工作,特别是针对农民、低文化程度等重点人群,提高健康教育的可及性,不断提升居民健康素养水平。

Objective To investigate the health literacy level of Uyghur residents in Kashgar and its influencing factors,so as to provide scientific evidence for targeted health education measures.Methods From September to November 2021,5172 Uyghur residents in Kashgar were recruited using multi-stage stratified random sampling method,and surveyed using the national Health Literacy Monitoring Questionnaire.Results The health literacy level of Uyghur residents in Kashgar was 4.33%,in which the literacy levels in the dimensions of basic knowledge and concept,healthy lifestyle and behavior,and health skills were 10.63%,6.75%,and 3.83%,respectively.The literacy levels of six types of health-related topics,in descending order,were 19.68%for scientific health concept,13.38%for safety and first aid,12.01%for health information,11.68%for infectious disease prevention and treatment,10.94%for basic medical literacy,and 9.40%for chronic disease prevention and treatment.Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that the health literacy level was higher in urban areas than that in rural areas(OR=1.65,95%CI:1.11-2.45),lower in married people(OR=0.86,95%CI:0.55-1.35)but higher in separated/divorced/widowed people(OR=1.73,95%CI:0.90-3.32)compared with unmarried people;higher in people with junior high school(OR=1.83,95%CI:1.27-2.65),senior high school(OR=1.83,95%CI:1.09-3.09),college/bachelor degree or above(OR=2.95,95%CI:1.60-5.44)compared with those with primary school education or below,increasing with the education level;and higher in medical professionals compared with civil servants(OR=8.01,95%CI:1.01-63.78).Conclusions Uyghur residents in Kashgar had a low health literacy level.Health education and health promotion should therefore be strengthened in this area,especially for farmers,people with low educational level and other key groups.It is also necessary to improve the accessibility of health education,thereby continuously elevating the health literacy level of local residents.