骶髂损伤固定的研究进展

Research progress in fixation for sacroiliac injury

骶髂损伤是骨盆损伤中的一部分,多由高能量创伤引起,常造成骨盆环的不稳定。目前多采取手术治疗,实现复位和固定,以允许患者早期活动,减少术后并发症。手术有多种内固定方式,分别为骶髂螺钉、前路骶髂关节钢板、骶骨棒、张力带钢板、可调试微创接骨板、TightRope、S2AI螺钉、后路钉棒、前路钉棒、Curvafix。每种方式各有特点,众多研究者从生物力学、临床效果、术后并发症等多角度对各种方式进行了对比研究,然而哪种方式更合适仍是骨科医生面临的挑战性问题。本文对国内外骶髂关节脱位固定方式进行综述,以期为临床医师提供参考。

Sacroiliac injury is a part of pelvic injury,which is often caused by high-energy trauma and often leads to the instability of the pelvic ring.At present,surgical treatment is often used to achieve reduction and fixation,so as to allow patients to move early and reduce postoperative complications.There are a variety of internal fixations for sacroiliac separation,including sacroiliac screw,anterior sacroiliac joint plate,sacral rod,tension band plate,adjustable minimally invasive plate,TightRope,S2AI screw,posterior screw rod,anterior screw rod and Curvafix.Each method has its own characteristics,many researchers have conducted comparative studies on various methods from the perspectives of biomechanics,clinical effects,and postoperative complications,etc.However,which method is more suitable is still a chal⁃lenging problem for orthopedic surgeons.This article reviews the fixation methods of sacroiliac joint dislocation at home and abroad,in order to provide reference for clinicians.