静脉血栓栓塞症高危的恶性肿瘤患者血栓预防措施体验及延续护理需求的质性研究

A qualitative study on the experience of thrombosis prevention measures and transitional care needs in high risk malignant tumor patients with venous thromboembolism

目的了解静脉血栓栓塞症(VTE)高危的恶性肿瘤患者血栓预防措施体验及延续护理需求, 为完善VTE高危人群预防措施以及提高患者依从性。方法采用质性研究中的现象学方法, 对20例VTE高危的恶性肿瘤患者进行半结构式深入访谈, 采用 Colaizzi分析法对资料进行转录、编码及提炼分析。结果提炼出4个VTE预防措施体验主题:对VTE的低效型认知、自我效能感低、VTE宣教形式单一、VTE预防措施实施依从性不高;2个VTE延续护理需求主题:出院后需要继续专业指导的需求、希望得到亲人支持的需求。结论医护人员应该强化自身对VTE的认识并积极引导VTE高危的恶性肿瘤患者重视预防, 提高VTE预防措施落实率;宣教采用多样化形式, 制订规范管理流程, 延续护理服务。

Objective To understand the experience of thrombus prevention measures and the needs of transitional care for malignant tumor patients at high risk of venous thromboembolism(VTE),in order to improve the prevention measures for high-risk VTE population and improve patient compliance;Methods Using the phenomenological method of qualitative research,20 patients with malignant tumors at high risk of VTE were interviewed in depth in a semi-structural way,and the data were transcribed,encoded and extracted by Colaizzi analysis.Results Four themes of VTE prevention measures experience were extracted:low efficiency awareness of VTE,Low self-efficacy,single form of VTE education,low compliance with implementation of VTE prevention measures,2 VTE transitional care needs themes,the need for continued professional guidance after discharge,and the need to receive support from loved ones.Conclusions Medical staff should strengthen their understanding of VTE and actively guide malignant tumor patients at high-risk of VTE to pay attention to prevention,improve the implementation rate of VTE prevention measures.The mission and education adopt diversified forms,formulate standardized management processes,and continue nursing services.