植物细胞壁抗降解屏障研究进展与展望

Recent Progress on Recalcitrance of Biomass

纤维素是地球上最丰富的可再生资源,经酶促水解反应生成葡萄糖是纤维素转化的理想方式,但转化效率低,探究相关的抑制因素及其特点成为纤维素高值化应用的首要基础科学问题。本研究首先从宏观形态、显微结构、超微结构、分子、基团、元素、化学键和基因水平,多角度、多层次总结制约纤维素酶促水解反应效率的关键抑制因素,阐述抗降解屏障的内涵;其次明确抗降解屏障表现出的在不同生物质的特有异质性、在植物发育不同阶段的高度动态性以及在预处理过程的复杂联动性;最后展望生物质抗降解屏障破解研究的新趋势和新策略:细胞壁界面抗降解屏障的新认识,细胞壁修饰与改造方法,细胞壁精准解构与组分分级利用的新技术和多酶协同酶解体系的建立等。

Cellulose is deemed as the most abundant and renewable resource on the earth.Enzymatic saccharification of cellulose to glucose is an ideal bioconversion,but its low efficiency significantly impedes the development of cellulose industrialization.Recognition and deconstruction of different recalcitrant factors and improving enzymatic hydrolysis efficiency are still the vital scientific problems in the high valorization of cellulose.In this article,various recalcitrant factors that impeding the enzymatic hydrolysis were summarized at multidimensional levels,in the aspects of macrostructure,microstructure,ultra-structure,molecule,chemical group,chemical element,chemical bonds and gene.Furthermore,we revealed that recalcitrant factors exhibited typical heterogeneity in specific biomass,high dynamics in different development stage of plant,and complex relation during the pretreatment.Finally,several novel research directions and strategy on recalcitrant barrier were proposed:cell wall interface recalcitrance,modification and valorization of cell wall from a biorefinery concept and saccharification hydrolysis with synergies of multiple enzymes.