社会排斥视角下外卖骑手的职业困境及破解机制

Occupational Dilemma and Cracking Mechanism for Food Delivery Riders From a Perspective of Social Exclusion

本文基于社会排斥理论,以杭州市外卖骑手为调查对象,运用半结构化访谈法,将外卖骑手的职业困境置于社会结构之中,探讨外卖骑手职业困境的形成路径和破解机制。研究发现,外卖骑手的职业困境主要由三方面的社会排斥造成:社会权利不足引起的制度排斥,符号资本不足造成的经济排斥,以及身份不平等观念下的“圈层化”身份排斥。基于此,本文提出了赋权增能、资本培育和社区融入三大破解机制。

This paper,based on the theory of social exclusion,investigated the occupational dilemma faced by food delivery riders in Hangzhou city.Employing a semi-structured interview approach,the study contex⁃tualized the professional dilemma of food delivery riders within the framework of social structure,explor⁃ing the formation paths and mechanisms to find a way out of the dilemma.The research revealed that the occupa⁃tional dilemma of food delivery riders were primarily caused by three aspects of social exclusion:institu⁃tional exclusion resulting from insufficient social rights,economic exclusion caused by a lack of symbolic capital,and identity exclusion manifested as"stratified"identity in the context of unequal social identi⁃ties.Building upon these findings,the paper proposes three aspects of cracking mechanisms:empowerment and capacity building,capital cultivation,and community integration.