数据产权新范式下的企业数据持有者权

The rights of enterprise data holders under the new paradigm of data property rights

企业数据权属不清给数据产品市场化交易带来巨大障碍,延用传统产权保护模式已经捉襟见肘,如何寻求更为合理的产权配置方案已成为学界日益关注的焦点。《数据二十条》创新性提出构建数据产权“三权分置”的新范式,赋予企业数据持有者权,是促进数据社会化流通和数字经济发展的必然要求。但该政策指引并不能直接与法定权利作等价转换,需要通过立法程序予以法定化,个人利益和共同善则为其权利建构提供了正当化依据。从本质上看,企业数据持有者权是一种对数据的“弱支配权”,其淡化了所有权的绝对排他支配性,强调企业对数据的事实支配控制。在权利内容上,包含持有、处理、收益和处分权能,旨在实现数据的使用与交换双重价值,以此化解企业数据上承载的多元主体利益冲突,保护企业合法权益,实现数据要素价值。

The unclear ownership of enterprise data has brought huge obstacles to the marketization of data products,and the extension of traditional property rights protection mode has been limited.How to seek a more reasonable property rights allocation scheme has become the focus of increasing attention in academia."Data Article 20"innovatively proposes a new paradigm of constructing"three rights separation"of data property rights,and endows enterprise data holders with rights,which is an inevitable requirement for promoting the socialization of data circulation and the development of digital economy.However,the policy guidelines can not be directly equivalent to the legal rights conversion,need to be legalized through the legislative process,individual interests and common good for the construction of their rights to provide a legitimate basis.In essence,the right of enterprise data holder is a kind of"weak domination"of data,which downplays the absolute exclusive domination of ownership and emphasizes the fact domination and control of enterprise data.In the content of rights,including holding,processing,income and disposal rights,the purpose is to realize the dual value of data use and exchange,so as to resolve the conflict of interests of multiple subjects carried by enterprise data,protect the legitimate rights and interests of enterprises,and realize the value of data elements.