甘肃省小麦品种(系)矮秆基因检测及分布规律

Detection and Distribution of Dwarf Genes of Wheat Varieties in Gansu Province

地方种是小麦育种的重要种质资源,为了解矮秆基因在地方种中的分布,本研究检测了甘肃省地方种矮秆基因等位变异类型及其在不同麦区的分布频率。结果表明:(1)地方种Rht-B1b和Rht-D1b的频率极低;41.4%的地方种携带Rht8,且春麦区高于冬麦区;46.7%的地方种含Rht24b,春麦区低于冬麦区。Ppd-D1a的频率仅17.8%,且春麦区低于冬麦区。另外,仅检测到Rht-D1b/Rht8、Rht-D1b/Rht24b和Rht8/Rht24b 3种组合,频率分别为0.2%、0.5%和12.8%。(2)地方种携带的矮秆基因及其组合分布频率低于育成种,且差异较大。不同来源育成品种携带的优势矮秆等位变异和频率不同,清水试验站的品种以Rht-D1b、Rht8和Rht24b为主,黄羊试验站的品种以Rht-B1b、Rht-D1b、Rht8和Rht24b为主,甘谷试验站的品种以Rht8和Rht24b为主。清水和黄羊试验站的品种秆矮、丰产性好,可在河西、沿黄灌区、陇南、陇东的小麦育种中应用;甘谷试验站的品种茎秆高,抗病性突出,可应用于定西、天水、陇南和陇东等旱地小麦的抗病改良。(3)基于分子标记检测结果,筛选出15份地方种和31份育成种,以上材料均携带2个及以上降秆基因(包括矮秆基因或Ppd-D1a),可为甘肃不同麦区小麦矮秆育种提供亲本材料。

Landrace are important germplasm resources for wheat breeding.In order to uncover the distribution of dwarfing genes in landraces,we detected the allelic variation types of dwarfing genes and their distribution frequencies in different wheat regions of Gansu province.The results showed that:(1)the frequency of Rht-B1b and Rht-D1b in landraces was extremely low.41.4%of landraces carried Rht8,with higher frequency in spring wheat regions than in winter wheat regions.46.7%of landraces contained Rht24b,with lower frequency in spring wheat regions than in winter wheat regions.The frequency of Ppd-D1a was only 17.8%,with lower frequency in spring wheat regions than in winter wheat regions.In addition,only three combinations(Rht-D1b/Rht8,Rht-D1b/Rht24b,and Rht8/Rht24b)were detected,with frequencies of 0.2%,0.5%,and 12.8%,respectively.(2)The frequency and combination distribution of dwarfing genes carried by landraces were lower than those of cultivars,and the differences were significant.Different sources of cultivars carried the different dominant dwarfing allelic variations and frequencies.Cultivars Qingshui test station mainly carried Rht-D1b,Rht8,and Rht24b,cultivars from Huangyang test station mainly carried Rht-B1b,Rht-D1b,Rht8,and Rht24b,and cultivars from Gangu test station mainly carried Rht8 and Rht24b.Cultivars from Qingshui and Huangyang test station had dwarf stature and high yield potential,suitable for wheat breeding in Hexi and Yellow River irrigation areas,Longnan and Longdong.Cultivars from Gangu test station had higher plant height and better disease resistance,suitable for disease improvement in dryland wheat in Dingxi,Tianshui,Longnan,and Longdong,etc.(3)Based on the molecular marker results,15 landraces and 31 cultivars were selected with two or more dwarfing genes(including dwarfing genes or Ppd-D1a),which can provide parental materials for wheat breeding in different wheat areas of Gansu.