基于GYT双标图对北部冬麦区国审小麦品种的回溯分析

Retrospective Analysis of Wheat Varieties Nationally Approved for the Northern Winter Wheat Region Based on GYT Biplot

北部冬麦区是我国重要的小麦主产区之一,对该麦区历年国审小麦品种进行回溯分析有助于小麦品种资源的合理利用。本研究基于产量与熟期、穗数、穗粒数、千粒重、容重、品质指数、抗病指数和抗寒指数等性状的组合,采用品种-产量×性状组合(GYT,genotype by yield×trait)双标图方法对2003-2023年期间北部冬麦区47个国审小麦品种进行了综合分析和分类评价。结果表明,47个国审小麦品种可划分为4个特征显著的品种类型。其中,Ⅰ型品种综合表现优秀,在产量与早熟性、抗病性、抗寒性、千粒重和容重等性状组合上表现突出,在产量与穗数、穗粒数和品质指数组合上表现优良,在生产上推广应用价值最高,主要包括京麦179、京农16和津麦3118等8个品种。Ⅱ型品种综合表现优良,在产量与品质指数、穗数组合上表现突出,在产量与抗病指数、抗寒指数组合上表现稍差,在生产上推广应用价值较高,但应注意生产安全,主要包括京麦202、京农19和轮选158等13个品种。Ⅲ型品种的产量与抗病和抗寒指数组合最好,但在其余性状组合上表现差,综合生产应用价值有限,可作为抗性亲本。Ⅳ型品种综合表现较差,可选择单性状表现优良的品种作为育种亲本应用。根据各品种在GYT双标图ATA轴上的投影位置,筛选出综合表现优良的京麦179、京农16、津麦3118、京麦189、京麦202、京花12号、京农19、轮选158和中麦623等品种。本研究采用GYT双标图分析方法基于“产量-性状”组合水平对北部冬麦区小麦品种进行综合评价和分类研究,为其他作物和地区的类似研究提供了参考。

The northern winter wheat region(NWWR)is one of the main wheat producing areas in China.A retrospective analysis of the nationally approved wheat varieties will facilitate rational utilization of wheat varieties in the region.Genotype by yield×trait(GYT)biplot analysis was used to cluster and evaluate 47 wheat varieties that were nationally approved for NWWR during 2003-2023,based on the combinations of grain yield with other target traits including maturity date,spike number per hectare,grain number per spike,1000-kernels weight,test weight,quality index,disease resistance index,and cold resistance index.The results showed that these wheat varieties could be classified into four distinct variety types.Type I includes eight varieties,i.e.Jingmai 179,Jingnong 16,Jinmai 3118,et al,characterized by outstanding performance in the combination of earliness,disease resistance,cold resistance,1000-kernels weight and test weight,and good performance in the combination of yield and spike number,grain number per spike and a quality index,and which showed the highest value in production.Type II varieties comprised of 13 varieties,including Jingmai 202,Jingnong 19,Lunxuan 158,et al,characterized by superior combination of yield with a quality index and spike number,but slightly poor combinaiton between yield and disease resistance and cold tolerance.These varieties are valuable in wheat production in the region as soon as diseases and winterkill are under control.Type III varieties had the best combination of yield with disease resistance and cold resistance index,but were poor in combination between yield and other traits.Therefore,their value in production is limited,but could be used as disease-resistant parents in wheat breeding.Type IV varieties were poor in overall yield×trait combination;but some may be outstanding in a single and can be used as breeding parents.Based on the projection position of each variety on the average yield×trait axis(ATA)of the GYT biplot,Jingmai 179,Jingnong 16,Jinmai 3118,Jingmai 189,Jingmai 202,Jinghua 12,Jingnong 19,Lunxuan 158 and Zhongmai 623 were identified to have superior overall yield×trait combination.This study provided reference for the use of GYT biplot for comprehensive wheat cultivar evaluation and classification based on yield×trait combinations for the NWWR,which can be applied to other crops and regions.