赣南野生山金柑种质资源收集与鉴定

Collection and Identification of Wild Fortunella hindsii Germplasm Resources in Gannan,Southern Jiangxi Province of China

通过与赣南各县(区)果业主管部门合作及走访果农,在赣南进行了野生山金柑种质资源调查与收集,共收集与鉴定评价野生山金柑种质资源716份。结果表明,赣南野生山金柑分布于安远、龙南、章贡、崇义、于都、信丰等县(区),可分为野生和人工移植两类,主要生存环境为原始森林、山林、山谷、丘陵和盆景;性状分析发现树姿、节间长度、刺数量、刺长度、叶片长度、叶片宽度、叶柄、叶形、翼叶、叶尖缺刻、单果重量、果面主色、果面杂色、种子数量、油胞明显度、果皮厚度16个性状存在差异;进一步基于差异性状进行聚类分析,在欧氏距离等于17.5时716份种质被分为4大类,欧氏距离小于14时可进一步分成8小类;基于16个性状进行主成分分析得到6个特征值大于1且与农艺性状相关联的主成分。根据柑橘产业需求,筛选出3份无刺、34份无籽、67份大果、12份晚熟的野生山金柑种质资源。综上,赣南野生山金柑鉴定结果对山金柑新品种选育、柑橘产业发展具有较明确的利用价值。

Through cooperating with the fruit industry authorities of counties(districts)in Gannan(southern Jiangxi province,China)and visiting fruit farmers,we conducted the survey of wild Fortunella hindsii germplasm resources and collected 716 samples for phenotype characterization.The F.hindsii germplasm resources were found in Anyuan,Longnan,Zhanggong,Chongyi,Yudu,Xinfeng and other counties(districts)in Gannan,Jiangxi province,China.It can be divided into wild and artificial transplantation,and the main habitat is primeval forest,forest,valleys,hills and bonsai.There were phenotypic variations at 16 traits including tree posture,internode length,thorn number,thorn length,leaf length,leaf width,petiole,leaf shape,wing leaf,leaf tip lack of engraving,single fruit weight,fruit surface main-color,fruit surface variegation,seed number,oil cell obviousness,and peel thickness.Based on the phenotypic datasets,these samples were classified into four categories at Euclidean distance equal to 17.5,and further less than 14 into 8 subgroups.Principal component analysis was performed based on 16 traits identified 6 principal components with eigenvalues greater than 1 and associating with agronomic traits.To meet the need of citrus industry,3 thornless,34 seedless,67 big-fruit and 12 late-ripening were selected.To sum up,the results of wild F.hindsii in Gannan have clear valuable for the commercial breeding of new F.hindsii varieties and the development of the citrus industry in future.