甘蔗宿根关键性状及其在宿根性快速评价中的应用

Identification of Key Factors Applicable in Rapid Evaluation of Sugarcane Ratooning Ability

甘蔗重要性状宿根性因甘蔗生长周期长,其高效评价一直是研究的难点。本研究以国内外不同地区引进的212份甘蔗种质资源为研究材料,分别在广西隆安和云南开远开展基于2个重要宿根关键性状(宿根发株率和地上部蔗株生物量)两季宿根力的快速评价。结果表明甘蔗宿根力受环境影响较大,两个试验点所有宿根力指标均存在极显著差异,且指标之间均呈极显著正相关。主成分分析在两个试验点(云南开远和广西隆安)均仅提取到1个主成分,贡献率分别为80.25%和62.68%。聚类分析将212份种质分为5个类群,第Ⅰ类4个宿根力指标均处于高水平,有9份种质,可作为强宿根第一梯队资源;第Ⅱ类群、第Ⅲ类群共有38份种质,各宿根力指标均处于较高水平或个别宿根力指标非常突出,可作为强宿根第二梯队资源;第Ⅳ类群、第Ⅴ类共有165份种质资源,各宿根力指标均一般或较差。综合以上,利用筛选出来的强宿根资源改良甘蔗品种宿根性,降低甘蔗生产成本对于产业的可持续发展具有重要意义。

Ratooning ability is a key trait in sugarcane breeding.But the high effective evaluation of ratooning ability is still a difficulty because of the long growth period of sugarcane.This study involved the utilization of 212 sugarcane germplasm resources gathered from diverse countries and regions.A rapid-cycled evaluation of sugarcane ratooning ability was performed in Longan city of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Kaiyuan city of Yunnan province,respectively.The assessment focused on the emergence rate of seedlings and aboveground stalk biomass during two seasons.The ratooning ability of sugarcane is greatly affected by environmental conditions,and extremely significant differences were found among four ratooning indexes at two field sites,and highly significant positive correlation were detected among theses indexes.Principal component analysis shows that only one principal component was extracted for both experimental sites,whose contribution rate reach to 80.25%in Kaiyuan site and 62.68%in Longan site.By using cluster analysis method,212 germplasm resources were divided into 5 clusters.Cluster I contained 9 materials,each index for ratooning ability of them performed the highest level,belonging to the strongest ratooning ability germplasm resources.There were 38 materials belonged to cluster II and cluster III with higher level performance in indexes of ratooning ability.They could be as stronger ratooning germplasm resources to be used in future breeding plans.The rest 165 materials grouped into cluster IV and cluster V as weak ratooning ability clones.Based on above analyses,it is of great significance for the sustainable development of the sugarcane industry to utilize the elite materials to improve the ratooning ability of varieties.