白菜种子物料特性试验研究

Experimental Study on the Characteristics of Chinese Cabbage Seed Materials

针对现有气力式排种器设计与选材对白菜种子适应性差而造成的充种性能低下等问题,对东北地区常见白菜种子进行物料特性研究,以达到提升排种器充种性能的目的。以黑龙江省种植面积较大的北京新3号、四季王、春秋54这3个品种为研究对象,测定其物料特性。结果表明:北京新3号长度均值为1.64mm,宽度均值为1.64mm,高度均值为1.67mm;四季王长度均值为1.67mm,宽度均值为1.67mm,高度均值为1.68mm;春秋54长度均值为1.72mm,宽度均值为1.70mm,高度均值为1.69mm。3种种子含水率均在5%~6%之间。千粒质量测定结果为北京新3号2.8334g,四季王2.7672g,春秋54号2.8970g。密度测定结果为:北京新3号0.8525 g/cm 3,四季王0.8325g/cm 3,春秋54号0.8716g/cm 3。试验结果表明:种子自然休止角与内摩擦角为正相关关系,自然休止角最大为32.1°;塑料板是滑动摩擦角最小的材料,种子的悬浮速度都小于2m/s;为保证排种器充种性能,种箱壁面与水平面夹角需大于32.12°,材料应选择塑料板。测得的白菜种子物料特性结果可作为白菜精密排种器结构和性能参数的设计与优化依据。

In response to problems such as low seed filling performance caused by poor adaptability of existing pneumatic seed dispensers design and selection of materials to cabbage seeds,The material properties of common cabbage seeds in northeastern China were studied for the purpose of increasing the filling properties of seed metering devices.Three species of Beijing Xin No.3,Sijiwang and Chunqiu 54 with large planting area in Heilongjiang Province were taken as the research objects,and their material properties were determined.The results show that the average length of Beijing New No.3 is 1.64mm,the average width is 1.64mm,and the average height is 1.67mm;the average length of the Four Seasons King is 1.67mm,the average width is 1.67mm,and the average height is 1.68mm;the average length of Chunqiu 54 is 1.72mm,the average width is 1.70mm,and the average height is 1.69mm.The moisture content of the three seeds was between 5%and 6%.The thousand-grain weight measurement results were 2.8334 g for Beijing Xin No.3,2.7672g for Sijiwang No.54,2.8970g,and the density measurement results were 0.8525g/cm 3 for Beijing Xin No.3,0.8325g/cm 3 for Shijiwang,and 0.8716g/cm 3 for Chunqiu No.54.There is a positive relationship between the natural angle of repose of the seeds and the angle of internal friction,with the maximum natural angle of repose being 32.1°.The plastic sheet is the material with the lowest sliding friction angle and the seeds are suspended at less than 2m/s.In order to ensure the seed filling performance of the seed metering device,The angle between the wall of the seed box and the horizontal surface should be greater than 32.12°,and the material should be plastic sheet.The measured cabbage seed properties can be used as a basis for designing and optimizing the construction and performance parameters of the cabbage precision seed metering device.