外泌体药物递送研究进展

Advances in exosomes delivery of drugs

外泌体是一类由细胞分泌的囊泡,内含多种核酸、蛋白质、脂质等成分,负责细胞间的货物运输,可以与生物膜进行融合。自从外泌体的生物信息运输功能被发现以来,其药物递送的潜在功能越来越受到关注。作为药物递送载体,外泌体具有免疫原性低、毒副作用小、可以穿越天然屏障、可进行工程化改造等诸多优势。这篇综述首先简单概述了外泌体的生物发生、分离提取及载药方法,随后介绍了近年来外泌体作为药物载体在药物递送方面的研究进展,包括核酸类药物、蛋白多肽类药物以及小分子药物等,最后展望了外泌体进行药物递送临床应用所面临的挑战。

Exosomes are a type of vesicles secreted by cells,containing various components such as nucleic acids,proteins,lipids,etc.They can fuse with bio-membranes and are involved in the transportation of cargos between cells.Since the discovery of their bioinformation transport function,the potential function of exosomes for drug delivery has gained increasing attention.As drug delivery carriers,exosomes have many advantages,such as low immunogenicity,minimal toxicity and side effects,ability to cross biological barriers,and the capability of being engineered for modification.This review first briefly summarizes the biogenesis,isolation and extraction,and drug loading methods of exosomes.Then,it introduces the recent research progress of exosomes as drug delivery carriers for various drugs,such as nucleic acids,proteins,peptides and small molecular chemicals.Finally,it discusses the challenges of exosome as a drug delivery system on the clinical application.