论专利实施权的法律属性

The Legal Attribute of Patent Exploitation Rights

《专利法》的宗旨之一是通过“推动发明创造的应用”鼓励专利实施,故而通过该宗旨,亦可窥见专利权具有浓厚的积极主动色彩。我国《专利法》已建构起以第11条为核心,以其他有关条款为依靠的完整体系,该体系对专利法意义上的“实施”行为方式做了穷举且封闭性规定,显然这与知识产权的权利法定主义一脉相承。于此情形下,当然可以合乎情理地推理出我国专利法应赋予专利权利人以专利实施权。若要更加全面理解专利实施权的内涵和外延,则应从多个维度进行观察和分析,这包括专利实施与专利实施权的关系、针对专利实施权限制、专利实施中的许可与转让、职务发明创造实施后的“一奖两酬”制度等。通过分析从法律属性上进一步厘清了专利权应为一种“积极权利”,专利权人基于专利法的赋权以法定方式实施其专利就是专利实施权的应有之义。

One of the purposes of the Patent Law is to encourage exploitation of patents by“promoting the application of inventions and creations,”upon which it could be seen patent rights are infused with strong proactive characters.In fact,the Chinese Patent Law has constructed a complete system with Article 11 as the core and others as supports.This system has made exhaustive and closed provisions on the“exploitation”behavior in the sense of the patent law,which is obviously in line with the Numerus Clausus Principle of intellectual property rights.Under this circumstance,it can be reasonably deduced that the Chinese Patent Law should have given patentees the right to exploit the patent.To fully understand the connotation and extension of patent exploitation rights,multi-aspect observation and analysis are required,including relationship between the patent exploitation and the patent exploitation right,restrictions on patent exploitation right,licensing and transfer in the patent exploitation,and the mechanism of“remuneration and awards”after exploitation of service inventions and creations,etc.Through analysis,it is further clarified from the legal attributes that patent rights should be a“positive right”.Patentee exploiting a patent in a statutory manner based on the authorization of the Patent Law is an integral component of the patent exploitation right.