协同治理、指导性授权与自由贸易港治理模式的法律设计

Coordinated Governance,Guiding Authorization and the Legal Design of Governance Model of Hainan Free Trade Port

在国家统筹推动下,我国自由贸易(区)港中央与地方协同治理的建设模式已经初步形成,呈现出权威、互动、创新和引领的实践效果。自由贸易(区)港建设协同治理模式的核心在于中央的指导性授权。作为具有独立法律地位的新型授权制度,其具有中央统筹与专业性指导推进相结合、整体授权与地方自主创新相结合、平衡协调与央地良性互动相结合的价值功效。但自由贸易(区)港建设指导性授权也存在法治顶层设计缺失、法律整体性授权不足、具体制度衔接缺位等问题。完善海南自由贸易港法规体系,应打破现行“一事一议”的授权方式和对海南自由贸易港地方立法权的限制,采用整体性授权的立法模式,赋予海南自由贸易港制度集成创新的能力;明确中央与地方协同治理的管理机构、职责权限与运行原则,从而为海南自由贸易港构建具有中国特色的指导性授权的制度安排与协同治理的体制框架。

A construction model of coordinated governance between the central and local authorities of China's free trade ports(zones)has been initially formed under the comprehensive promotion of the state,showing the practical effect of authority,interaction,innovation and leadership.The core of the collaborative governance mode of free trade(zones)port construction lies in the guiding authorization of the central government.As a new type of authorization system with independent legal status,it has the value and efficacy of combining central coordination with professional guidance and promotion,overall authorization with local independent innovation,and balanced coordination with benign interaction between the central and local governments.Nevertheless,the guiding authorization for the construction of the free trade ports(zones)also suffers from the lack of a top-level design for the rule of law,insufficient overall authorization of the law,and the absence of coordination of specific systems.To improve the legal system of Hainan Free Trade Port,it is necessary to break the current authorization mode of“One Case One Meeting”and the restriction of local law-making power of Hainan Free Trade Port,and adopt the legislative mode of holistic authorization,giving Hainan Free Trade Port the capability of systematic innovation.In addition,it is also necessary to define the management institution,competence and operation principle of the collaborative governance between the central and local government.Those will help build a practical framework for constructing the Hainan Free Trade Port with China's features.