长江经济带装备制造业产能利用率的测算及影响因素研究——基于企业异质性视角

Calculation and Influencing Factors of Capacity Utilization of Equipment Manufacturing Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt:From the Perspective of Enterprise Heterogeneity

化解产能过剩、提升产能利用率是我国工业经济结构转型升级的重要任务。本文根据1998—2013年中国工业企业数据库,基于超越对数成本函数法测算了长江经济带装备制造业的产能利用率,并从理论和实证层面探讨了产能利用率的影响因素及其异质性。研究发现:长江经济带装备制造业产能利用率具有阶段性特征,其波动趋势与经济周期基本一致;与行业和所有制相比,产能过剩问题更多出现在区域层面。可变投入要素价格主导了长江经济带装备制造业的产能过剩,技术进步和市场调节对产能利用率呈现正向效应,政府干预对产能利用率呈现负向效应。政府干预会削弱市场调节对产能利用率的正向促进作用,政府和市场对产能利用率的影响均呈现边际递减效应。各因素对产能利用率的影响效应受到区域、所有制、行业异质性的多重制约,具有明显的结构性特征。

Resolving overcapacity and improving capacity utilization are the primary tasks of China's industrial economic structure transformation and upgrading.Based on the database of Chinese industrial enterprises from 1998 to 2013,this paper calculates the capacity utilization of equipment manufacturing industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt by using the transcendental logarithmic cost function method,and explores the influencing factors of capacity utilization and its heterogeneity from theoretical and empirical perspectives.The findings are as follows.Firstly,the capacity utilization of the equipment manufacturing industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt has phased characteristics,and its fluctuation trend is basically consistent with the economic cycle.Compared with industry and ownership levels,the problem of overcapacity appears more at the regional level.Secondly,variable input factor prices dominate the overcapacity of equipment manufacturing industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt.In addition,technological progress and market regulation have a positive effect on capacity utilization,and government intervention has a negative effect on capacity utilization.Thirdly,government intervention weakens the positive effect of market regulation on capacity utilization,and the impact of the government and the market on capacity utilization shows a marginal decreasing effect.Finally,the impact of various factors on capacity utilization is subject to multiple constraints of regional,ownership,and industry heterogeneity,with obvious structural characteristics.