精准扶贫政策对脱贫农户家庭消费的影响研究——来自湘鄂渝黔毗邻民族地区调研数据的例证

The Effect of Targeted Poverty Alleviation Policies on Household Consumption of Poverty-stricken Farmers--Evidence from Survey Data in the Neighboring Ethnic Regions of Hunan,Hubei,Chongqing,and Guizhou

基于湘鄂渝黔毗邻民族地区调研数据,本文考察精准扶贫政策对脱贫农户家庭消费的影响。研究发现:(1)精准扶贫政策对湘鄂渝黔毗邻民族地区脱贫农户家庭消费具有促进作用。就消费结构而言,精准扶贫政策使脱贫农户家庭居住和交通通信支出占总消费的比例提高,而教育和医疗支出占比降低。就消费类型而言,精准扶贫政策对生存型消费和发展型消费均有提高作用,生存型消费作用突出。就扶贫政策而言,产业就业扶贫政策作用最大,而保险扶贫政策作用最小。通过分位数回归、安慰剂检验等方法检验,上述结论仍成立。(2)异质性结果表明,精准扶贫政策对不同地区、民族和收入的脱贫农户家庭消费有明显差别,其中对湖南省、少数民族和低收入脱贫农户的刺激作用最大。(3)进一步研究发现,对于因病致贫、因教致贫和脱贫边缘户这三类特殊家庭,他们通过健康扶贫、教育扶贫、产业就业扶贫等多元化的精准扶贫政策综合发力,家庭消费水平得以改善,家庭生活质量得到提升。本文旨在为巩固拓展脱贫攻坚成果与乡村振兴的有效衔接、促进少数民族农村地区可持续发展提供理论依据和实践支撑。

Based on the data of neighboring ethnic regions,including Hunan,Hubei,Chongqing,and Guizhou,this study investigates how targeted poverty alleviation policies affect the household consumption of poverty-stricken farmers.The result shows that:(1)The targeted poverty alleviation policy promotes the household consumption of poverty-stricken farmers who reside in the adjacent ethnic areas of Hunan,Hubei,Chongqing,and Guizhou.On the structure of consumption,the targeted poverty alleviation policies have increased the proportion of poverty-stricken households'expenditure in housing,transportation and communication,and decreased the proportion of their education and medical care expenditure.On types of consumption,compared with development consumption,the promotion of subsistence consumption is more obvious.For poverty alleviation policies,industrial employment poverty alleviation policies work the most important role,while insurance poverty alleviation works little.The above conclusions are still valid through quantile regression,placebo tests,and other methods.(2)The heterogeneity results show that the targeted poverty alleviation policies have different effects on poverty-stricken farmers of different regions,ethnicities,and incomes.(3)Further research shows that families impoverished due to illness,education and marginalization have benefited from a diverse range of poverty alleviation policies oriented to health,education and industrial employment,as evidenced by the improvement of their consumption level and life quality.This paper aims to provide a theoretical basis and practical support for consolidating and expanding the compelling connection between poverty alleviation achievements and rural revitalization and promoting the sustainable development of ethnic minority rural areas.