郑州市2020~2021年大气PM_(2.5)中金属元素污染特征及健康风险评估

Pollution characteristics and health risk assessment of metal elements in PM_(2.5) in Zhengzhou from 2020 to 2021

目的:分析2020~2021年郑州市两城区大气PM_(2.5)中金属元素的浓度,推测其可能的来源并评估其健康风险。方法:测定2020~2021年郑州市二七区和经开区的PM_(2.5)及其中金属元素的浓度,利用富集因子(EF)法和主成分分析评估金属元素的来源,并根据相关技术指南进行PM_(2.5)中金属元素经吸入途径的健康风险评估。结果:2020~2021年郑州市二七区、经开区的PM_(2.5)浓度分别为50.00(38.00,72.50)、53.00(40.00,74.50)μg/m^(3),两城区各金属元素浓度比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);两城区Mn、Ni的EF值在10~100之间,其余元素的EF值均大于100;两城区均筛选出两个主成分,成分1包括Se、Sb、Pb、Tl、As、Cd、Ni,成分2包括Al、Mn;两城区金属元素的非致癌风险危害商值均小于1,二七区、经开区As的致癌风险分别为2.20×10^(-5)、2.41×10^(-5),Cd的致癌风险分别为1.55×10^(-6)、1.71×10^(-6)。结论:目前郑州市仍然存在大气PM_(2.5)污染情况,其中金属元素As、Cd对人群具有潜在致癌风险。

Aim:To analyze the concentration levels of metal elements in atmospheric PM_(2.5) in two urban areas of Zhengzhou from 2020 to 2021,speculate the possible sources and assess the health risks.Methods:The concentrations of PM_(2.5) and its metal elements in Erqi District and Jingkai District of Zhengzhou from 2020 to 2021 were determined,and the enrichment factor(EF)method and principal component analysis were used to estimate the metal elements sources.The health risks of metals in PM_(2.5) through inhalation were assessed according to the relevant technical guidelines.Results:The concentration of PM_(2.5) in Erqi District and Jingkai District of Zhengzhou from 2020 to 2021 was 50.00(38.00,72.50)and 53.00(40.00,74.50)μg/m 3,respectively.There was no significant difference in the concentration of each metal element between the two urban areas(P>0.05).The EF values of Mn and Ni in PM_(2.5) in the two urban areas were between 10 and 100,and the EF values of the remaining metal elements were larger than 100.Two principal components were screened from both urban areas,component 1 included Se,Sb,Pb,Tl,As,Cd,and Ni,and component 2 included Al and Mn.The non-carcinogenic risk hazard quotient values of metal elements in atmospheric PM_(2.5) in the two urban areas were less than 1,and the carcinogenic risks of As in Erqi District and Jingkai District were 2.20×10^(-5) and 2.41×10^(-5),and the carcinogenic risks of Cd were 1.55×10^(-6) and 1.71×10^(-6),respectively.Conclusion:Zhengzhou is still polluted by PM_(2.5),and As and Cd in PM_(2.5) pose potential carcinogenic risks.