环割对‘阿森泰克’苹果枝条生长及花芽分化的影响

Effects of Girdling on Branch Growth and Flower Bud Differentiation of‘Ascentec’Apple

以四年生‘阿森泰克’苹果幼树为试材,采用不同环割间距和环割程度等处理方法,研究了不同环割方法对苹果树高、主干粗度、侧枝长度、侧枝粗度、结果枝数、翌年花芽数等性状的影响,以期为苹果高纺锤形树形快速培养提供参考依据。结果表明:越靠近主干与侧枝分支点进行环割,对树高的促进作用越强;环割2周处理中,侧枝距主干10 cm处环割最有利于花芽分化,其次为侧枝距主干15 cm处,侧枝距主干5 cm处效果最差;环割1周和环割2周对树高、主干粗度、结果枝数、中长枝比率及花芽分化均有一定的促进作用,对侧枝长度生长表现出一定的抑制作用,环割3周处理出现负面效果;主成分分析后的排名结果显示,侧枝距主干10 cm和5 cm处环割2周的处理分别位于第1、2位,而侧枝距主干10 cm和15 cm处环割3周的处理分别位于第9、10位。综上所述,侧枝距主干10 cm处环割2周对控制枝条生长和促进花芽分化效果最好。

Taking four-year-old‘Ascentec'apple saplings as experimental materials,the effects of different girdling methods on apple tree height,trunk thickness,lateral branch length,lateral branch thickness,number of fruiting branches,and number of flower buds in the following year were studied using different girdling intervals and degrees,in order to provide reference for rapid cultivation of apple spindle shaped tree shapes.The results showed that the closer to the trunk and lateral branches of the girdling,the stronger the promoting effect on tree height.After 2 weeks of girdling,the best effect of girdling was at 10 cm away from the main stem,followed by 15 cm away from the main stem,and the worst effect was at 5 cm away from the main stem.One week and two weeks of girdling could promote tree height,trunk thickness,number of fruiting branches,ratio of middle and long branches and flower bud differentiation,and inhibit the growth of lateral branch length.The third week of girdling had negative effect.The ranking results after principal component analysis showed that the treatment of 2-week circum ferential incision at 10 cm and 5 cm away from the trunk was ranked 1~(st)and 2~(nd),respectively,while the treatment of 3-week circumferential incision at 10 cm and 15 cm away from the trunk was ranked 9~(th)and 10~(th),respectively.In conclusion,2 weeks of girdling at the lateral branch 10 cm away from the main stem had the best effect on controlling branch growth and promoting flower bud differentiation.