干细胞衍生的胰岛素分泌细胞治疗糖尿病的研究进展

Current advances in stem cells derived insulin-producing cells for diabetes mellitus therapy

糖尿病是一种因胰岛素绝对或相对分泌不足引起高血糖的代谢性疾病,胰岛β细胞是体内唯一分泌胰岛素的细胞,β细胞替代或补充疗法是治疗糖尿病的根本途径。生物工程方法诱导干细胞分化成胰岛素分泌细胞(IPC)产生胰岛素可用于β细胞替代疗法,这种疗法可能为糖尿病治疗带来希望。但是现阶段干细胞分化为IPC治疗糖尿病的过程中,仍然存在干细胞来源的β细胞功能不成熟、治疗的生物安全性及可靠性问题和移植免疫排斥等问题。本文综述了不同来源干细胞诱导分化成IPC、不同的诱导方案、当前临床研究进展及存在的问题和解决方法,期望为研究者研究IPC治疗糖尿病的方法提供参考。

I Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease caused by an absolute or relative deficiency in insulin secretion,resulting in high hyperglycemia.Pancreaticβcells are the only cells in the body that secrete insulin,andβcell replacement or supplementation therapy is the fundamental approach for treating diabetes.Inducing stem cell differentiation into insulin-secreting cells(IPCs)through biotechnology can produce insulin forβcell replacement therapy and bring hope for diabetes treatment.However,in stem cell differentiation into IPCs for diabetes treatment,there are still issues such as immature functionality ofβcells derived from stem cells,biologic safety and reliability of treatment,and transplant rejection.This article summarizes different sources of stem-induced differentiation into IPCs,other induction protocols,current progress in clinical research,and the existing problems and solutions,with the hope of providing reference for researchers studying methods of IPCs therapy for diabetes.