中亚热带典型岩溶森林植物多样性与环境因子关系的研究

Relationship between plant diversity and environmental factors of typical mid-subtropical karst forests in China

为深入了解岩溶石山森林植被物种多样性和功能多样性及其与环境因子的关系,该研究通过群落学调查、功能性状和环境因子的测定,结合方差分析、多重比较和冗余分析等统计方法,对桂林岩溶石山落叶阔叶林、常绿落叶阔叶混交林和常绿阔叶林的物种多样性和功能多样性进行对比分析,探究环境因子对不同植被类型物种多样性与功能多样性的影响机制。结果表明:(1)常绿阔叶林的Patrick丰富度指数显著高于落叶阔叶林和常绿落叶阔叶混交林;Pielou均匀度指数在常绿落叶阔叶混交林最高,落叶阔叶林次之,常绿阔叶林最低。(2)常绿阔叶林的功能丰富度指数显著高于常绿落叶阔叶混交林和落叶阔叶林;功能均匀度指数在常绿落叶阔叶混交林中最高,落叶阔叶林次之,常绿阔叶林最低。(3)冗余分析结合蒙特卡洛随机置换检验结果显示,落叶阔叶林物种多样性主要受林冠开阔度和土壤水溶钙影响;功能多样性则受到土壤水溶钙和岩石裸露率的影响;岩石裸露率和土壤厚度是影响常绿落叶阔叶混交林物种多样性和功能多样性的主要制约因子。此外,物种多样性还受到土壤速效氮的显著影响;常绿阔叶林物种多样性和功能多样性主要受岩石裸露率、土壤含水量和土壤厚度的显著影响。该研究结果揭示了不同森林植被物种多样性和功能多样性对非生物环境变化的响应,拓展了对岩溶石山物种多样性和功能多样性的认识,为岩溶石山生物多样性保护提供了进一步的参考依据。

In order to gain insight into the species diversity and functional diversity of forest vegetation in karst hills and their relationships with environmental factors.We analyzed the species diversity and functional diversity of deciduous broad-leaved forest,mixed evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved forest,and evergreen broad-leaved forest in karst hills of Guilin through community investigation,determination of functional traits and environmental factors.And in combination with statistical methods such as one-way analysis of variance,multiple comparisons,and redundancy analysis to investigate the impact mechanisms of environmental factors on the species diversity and functional diversity of different vegetation types.The results were as follows:(1)The Patrick richness index was significantly higher in evergreen broad-leaved forest than that in deciduous broad-leaved forest,and mixed evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved forest.The Pielou evenness index of mixed evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved forest was the highest,followed by deciduous broad-leaved forest and the lowest in evergreen broad-leaved forest.(2)The functional richness index of evergreen broad-leaved forest was significantly higher than that of mixed evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved forest and deciduous broad-leaved forest;the functional evenness index was the highest in mixed evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved forest,the second in deciduous broad-leaved forest,and the lowest in evergreen broad-leaved forest.(3)Redundancy analysis combined with Monte Carlo random replacement test results indicated that species diversity of deciduous broad-leaved forest was mainly affected by canopy openness and soil water-soluble calcium.Functional diversity was affected by soil water-soluble calcium and rock exposure rate.Rock exposure rate and soil thickness were the main restricting factors that affect species diversity and functional diversity of mixed evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved forest.In addition,species diversity was significantly affected by soil available nitrogen.The influencing factors of species diversity and functional diversity of evergreen broad-leaved forest were consistent,and they were all significantly affected by rock exposure rate,soil water content and soil thickness.The results of this study reveal the effects of species diversity and functional diversity of different forest vegetations on non-biological environmental changes,expand the understanding of species diversity and functional diversity of karst hills,and provide further reference for biodiversity protection of karst hills.