机械化除草装备与技术研究现状及发展趋势

Research Status and Development Trend of Mechanized Weeding Equipment and Technology

除草是农业生产过程中不可或缺的一环,国内目前农田杂草防除主要以化学除草为主,但长期使用化学除草会造成杂草抗性上升、农业环境污染、农作物药害等问题,机械除草在无上述危害的同时还可改善土壤环境、促进作物生长发育,有效替代化学除草。为能给我国机械除草高新技术推广提供参考,本文将现今国内外除草机械划分为水田除草机械、旱田除草机械与除草机器人系统,对其研究现状和发展动态进行阐述和剖析,并结合绿色农业相关研究、发展要求与我国目前接近7000万hm 2化学除草面积的客观情况,提出构建“以机械防治为主,机械-化学防治并举”的协同防治思路,最后总结出国内机械除草装备向着信息化、仿生化、复合化、模块化等方向发展的趋势。

Weeding is an indispensable link in the process of agricultural production,domestic currently mainly chemical weeding is given a priority,but long-term use of chemical weeding will cause resistant weed reproduction,agricultural environmental pollution,crop herbicide injury and other problems.Mechanical weeding also can improve the soil environment,promote crops growth and effectively replace chemical weeding.To provide reference for promotion of mechanical weeding high and new technology in our country,this paper divides the mechanized weeding technology at home and abroad into paddy field weeding machinery,dry field weeding machinery and weeding robot system,explores the research situation and development,and suggests to build synergistic weeding ideas of“mainly mechanical weeding,mechanical-chemical weeding simultaneously”combining green agriculture related research and development requirements and the objective situation close to 70 million hm 2 of chemical weeding area.Finally,it summarizes the domestic mechanical weeding equipment toward informatization,bionics,compound and modularization.