我国本科临床医学类专业招生规模的时空布局分析

Temporal and Spatial Distribution Analysis of Undergraduate Enrollment in Clinical Medicine Programs in China

1998—2019年,我国普通高校本科临床医学类专业招生规模显著增长,院校由90所增至181所;招生人数由2.9万人增至9.6万人。不同地区的招生规模差异较大,具有显著的空间正相关性,即招生规模相似的省份在空间上趋于聚集。高-高聚类主要位于经济发达、高等教育发展历史悠久、地理位置优越的地区,如华东地区;而低-低聚类则多位于经济社会发展水平较低、基础设施建设滞后的地区,如西北地区。因此,应进一步优化招生规模在地区间的分布,通过制定实施倾斜性的政策、进行资源支持、发挥地区带动效应等促进招生规模的区域均衡布局。

From 1998 to 2019,the enrollment scale of undergraduate clinical medicine programs in Chinese universities saw significant growth,with the number of institutions increasing from 90 to 181,and the enrollment number rose from 29,000 to 96,000.There were considerable regional disparities in enrollment scales,showing a significant positive spatial correlation,where provinces with similar enrollment scales tended to cluster together.High-high clustering were mainly located in economically developed regions with a long history of higher education development and favorable geographical positions,such as the eastern region of China.In contrast,low-low clustering were often found in areas with lower levels of economic and social development and lagging infrastructure construction,such as the northwest region.Therefore,it is necessary to further optimize the regional distribution of enrollment scales by implementing targeted policies,providing resource support,and leveraging regional driving effects to promote a more balanced regional distribution of enrollment scale.