余甘子水提物对黑腹果蝇寿命及攀爬能力的保护作用

Protective effect of aqueous extracts from Phyllanthus emblica on longevity and climbing ability of Drosophila melanogaster

目的:余甘子(PE)是一种富含多种酚类物质和有机酸等化合物的药食两用植物资源。本研究拟探讨PE水提物对正常生理条件和镉(Cd)胁迫条件下果蝇寿命及攀爬能力的影响。方法:采用1.6、8、16 mg/mL PE水提物分别作用于野生型雌雄红黑腹果蝇,寻找有效提高其寿命及攀爬能力的最佳PE水提物浓度和最佳处理时间,并检测最佳浓度PE水提物处理后对雌雄果蝇体内SOD、CAT活性、MDA含量的影响。用5、10、20、40 mg/L CdCl_(2)单独作用于雌雄果蝇,摸索有效降低果蝇寿命的最适CdCl_(2)浓度,在此基础上采用1.6、8、16 mg/mL PE水提物联合最适浓度CdCl_(2)处理雌雄果蝇,探讨PE水提物对Cd胁迫下雌雄果蝇寿命及攀爬能力的影响。结果:与对照组相比,16 mg/mL PE水提物有助于延长正常生理条件下雌雄果蝇寿命(P<0.05);在最佳浓度(雌性1.6 mg/mL、雄性8 mg/mL)PE水提物处理下,有效提高雌雄果蝇攀爬能力的最佳处理时间呈现出性别差异,雌果蝇的最佳处理时间为22 d,雄果蝇为10 d,但最佳浓度PE水提物分别处理雌雄果蝇10、22、33、45 d均不能提高其体内抗氧化酶活性。与对照组相比,40 mg/L CdCl_(2)作用下雌雄果蝇的平均寿命降低最多(P<0.01),后续以40 mg/L作为最适Cd胁迫浓度。与对照组比较,8和16 mg/mL PE水提物有助于延长40 mg/L CdCl_(2)胁迫下雄果蝇的寿命但处理18 d后其攀爬能力显著降低(P<0.05),1.6、8和16 mg/mL PE水提物处理对雌果蝇的寿命和攀爬能力则均无显著影响(P>0.05)。结论:PE水提物有助于延长正常生理条件下雌雄果蝇的寿命和攀爬能力,延长Cd胁迫下雄果蝇的寿命但降低其攀爬能力,表明PE对果蝇的保护作用存在性别差异。

OBJECTIVE:Phyllanthus emblica(PE)is a medicinal and food plant rich in a variety of phenolic substances and organic acids.In this study,we investigated the effect of PE aqueous extract on the lifespan and climbing ability of Drosophila melanogaster(D.melanogaster)under normal physiological and Cadmium(Cd)stress conditions.METHODS:PE aqueous extracts(1.6,8 and 16 mg/mL)were applied to wild-type male and female D.melanogaster to find the optimal concentrations and treatment times to investigate their effects on lifespan and climbing ability,and on the SOD,CAT,and MDA.Then 5,10,20,40 mg/L CdCl_(2)was applied to both male and female D.melanogaster to find the optimal concentration that effectively reduced the lifespan of D.melanogaster.Then,the optimal concentration of CdCl_(2)and PE extracts were mixed and used to treat both male and female D.melanogaster and to explore the effects on D.melanogaster under Cd stress.RESULTS:Compared with the control,16 mg/mL PE aqueous extract extended the lifespan of male and female D.melanogaster under normal physiological conditions(P<0.05).Under the optimal concentrations of PE(1.6 mg/mL for females and 8 mg/mL for males),the climbing abilities of both were improved and showed gender differences,with the optimal time for females of 22 d and males of 10 d,but the optimal concentration of PE aqueous extracts did not increase the antioxidant enzyme activities in males and females for 10,22,33 and 45 d,respectively.From treatment with 40 mg/L CdCl_(2),the average lifespans for both were reduced(P<0.01)compared with the control.Even with treatment from 40 mg/L CdCl_(2),8 and 16 mg/mL PE helped to prolong the lifespan of males but their climbing ability was significantly reduced after 18 d of treatment(P<0.05),while the treatments of 1.6,8 and 16 mg/mL PE did not generate any significant effects on the lifespan and climbing ability of females(P>0.05).CONCLUSION:PE aqueous extract prolonged the lifespan and climbing ability of both male and female D.melanogaster under normal physiological conditions,and prolonged the lifespan of males under Cd stress,but reduced their climbing ability.In addition,there was a gender difference in the protective effect of PE on D.melanogaster.