论黑格尔的市民社会批判思想

On Hegel's Critique of Civil Society

黑格尔的市民社会概念具有重要的思想史变革意义,奠定了现代市民社会理论的研究地平。在哲学上,市民社会是特殊性原则的现实,是主观自由的实现;在政治上,市民社会与政治国家相分离并以现代国家为前提;在经济上,市民社会以现代市场即需要的体系为基础。黑格尔指出需要与劳动的辩证运动将不可避免地生产出市民社会的分裂立场。对此,黑格尔主张通过同业公会和伦理国家在客观上为其提供制度基础,在主观上重新唤起市民的伦理性情,从而实现对市民社会分裂立场的扬弃。

Hegel's concept of civil society has significant historical significance in the development of modern civil society theory,which lays a foundation for the research of modern social theory.Philosophically,civil society is the realization of subjective freedom and the reality of particularity;politically,civil society is separated from the political state and based on the modern state;economically,civil society is based on the modern market system.Hegel pointed out that the dialectical movement of the need and labor will inevitably produce a split position in civil society.Therefore,Hegel advocated providing institutional foundations objectively through the corporation and the ethical state,and subjectively reawakening the ethics of citizens to abandon the split position of civil society.