内涵、关系与实践:公平与效率之辨的三重维度

Connotation,Relationship and Practice:Three Dimensions of the Debate between Fairness and Efficiency

公平与效率是人类社会孜孜以求的恒久价值,二者在“构成性纠缠”中辩证发展,时而充满张力,时而互促共进。从内涵之辨看,公平以公正平等为核心含义,而效率指向资源的有效利用与科学配置。从关系之辨看,存在公平优先论、效率优先论与公平效率兼顾论三种理论取向,并形成了公平效率对立观、公平效率并重观以及公平效率互促观三种致思路径。从实践之辨看,改革开放以来,效率与公平的关系经历了从“平均主义”“效率优先,兼顾公平”“注重社会公平”到“更有效率、更加公平”的发展演进历程,在增进效率的基础上更加注重社会公平。立足中国发展的时代方位与现实要求,要坚持以人民为中心的发展思想,持续朝着“更有效率、更加公平”的方向推进公平与效率实现更高水平、更优质量的辩证统一。

Fairness and efficiency are the eternal values pursued by human society.They develop dialectically in"constructive entanglement",sometimes full of tension,and sometimes promoting each other.From the perspective of connotation,fairness takes justice and equality as its core meaning,while efficiency points to the effective utilization and scientific allocation of resources.From the perspective of the relationship,there are three theoretical orientations:fairness priority theory,efficiency priority theory,and fairness and efficiency balance theory Three thinking paths have been formed:an opposition view of fairness and efficiency,an equal emphasis on fairness and efficiency,and mutual promotion view of fairness and efficiency.From the perspective of practice,since the reform and opening up,the relationship between efficiency and fairness has experienced a development and evolution from egalitarianism,giving priority to efficiency and giving consideration to fairness,paying attention to social fairness to being more efficient and fairer,and paying more attention to social fairness on the basis of improving efficiency.Based on the orientation of the times and the realistic requirements of China's development,we should adhere to the people-centered development thought,and continue to push fairness and efficiency in the direction of"more efficiency and fairness"to achieve a dialectical unity of higher level and better quality.