天津市中小学生日常用眼行为调查及近视相关影响因素研究

A survey of common eye behaviors and influencing factors of myopia in primary and secondary school students in Tianjin

目的探究天津市中小学生用眼行为情况与近视相关风险因素,以期针对性做好眼健康科普宣传与用眼教育指导工作。方法横断面调查研究。于2021年12月面向天津全市中小学生下发眼健康调研问卷,调查学生用眼习惯;并结合2021年下半年校园视力筛查数据构建多因素Logistic回归模型,探究近视相关风险因素。结果共计回收问卷821459份,其中有效问卷701104份。小学生学习性电子产品使用时间与娱乐性电子产品使用时间大部分低于1 h(占比分别为57.74%与40.98%)。初中生学习性电子产品使用时间与娱乐性电子产品使用时间>2 h的人群(占比分别为26.61%与35.05%)较小学生(占比分别为11.21%与20.93%)均明显增多。大部分高中生每日学习性及娱乐性电子产品使用时间与纸质材料阅读时间均>2 h。51.59%的小学生睡眠时长不达标,初中生与高中生睡眠时长达标率分别为60.09%与64.99%。大部分(55.74%)中小学生日均户外活动时间为1~2 h。多元回归分析结果显示,小学生近视发生风险与电子产品使用时间(包括学习型与娱乐性)、近距离纸质材料阅读时间、户外活动时间、入睡时间及睡眠时长均相关(均为P<0.05);初中生近视发生风险则与娱乐性电子产品使用时间、近距离纸质材料阅读时间、户外活动时间及睡眠时长均相关(均为P<0.05);高中生近视发生风险仅与近距离纸质材料阅读时间及户外活动时长相关(均为P<0.05)。结论天津市小学生、初中生及高中生电子产品使用时间>2 h的人群比例逐渐升高,睡眠时长达标率逐步增加,其近视发生风险均与近距离纸质材料阅读时间及户外活动时长相关。整个社会应广泛开展科普宣传、加强用眼行为管理,实现我国儿童青少年近视率降低的目标。

Objective To explore the eye behaviors and myopia-related risk factors among primary and secondary school students in Tianjin,in order to carry out targeted eye health education and guidance.Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted.In December 2021,an eye health questionnaire was distributed to primary and secondary school students in Tianjin to investigate their eye habits;combined with the campus vision screening data in the second half of 2021,a multivariate logistic regression analysis model was constructed to explore the risk factors related to myopia.Results A total of 821459 questionnaires were collected,including 701104 valid questionnaires.The usage time of electronic learning products and electronic entertainment products for primary school students was mostly less than 1 hour(accounting for 57.74%and 40.98%,respectively).The population of junior high school students who spend more than 2 hours using electronic learning products and electronic entertainment products(accounting for 26.61%and 35.05%,respectively)significantly increased compared to primary school students(accounting for 11.21%and 20.93%,respectively).Most senior high school students spend more than 2 hours daily using electronic devices for learning and entertainment purposes,as well as reading paper materials.51.59%of primary school students do not meet the standard for sleep duration,while the rate of reaching the standard sleep duration of junior high and senior high school students was 60.09%and 64.99%,respectively.Most(55.74%)primary and secondary school students have an average outdoor activity duration of 1-2 hours daily.The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of myopia in primary school students was correlated with the time spent using electronic products(including learning and entertainment),the time spent reading paper materials at a close range,outdoor activities,time to fall asleep,and sleep duration(all P<0.05);the risk of myopia among junior high school students was related to the time spent using electronic entertainment products,reading paper materials at a close range,outdoor activities,and sleep duration(all P<0.05);the risk of myopia among senior high school students was only related to the time spent reading paper materials at a close range and the duration of outdoor activities(both P<0.05).Conclusion The proportion of primary school students,junior high school students and senior high school students in Tianjin who use electronic products for more than 2 hours is gradually increasing,and the rate of reaching the standard sleep duration is gradually increasing.The risk of myopia among these students is related to the time spent reading paper materials at a close range and outdoor activities.Science popularization should be carried out and management of eye behaviors should be strengthened in the whole society to reduce myopia rates in children and adolescents in China.