虫粪有机肥对植烟土壤理化性质及烟草生长的影响

Effects of insect feces organic fertilizer on physical and chemical properties of tobacco-planting soil and tobacco

采用烤烟‘中烟100’开展盆栽试验,以传统芝麻饼肥为对照,探究蚯蚓粪肥、蛴螬虫粪肥及黑水虻虫粪肥3种虫粪有机肥对植烟土壤理化性质及烟草生长的影响。结果表明:黑水虻虫粪肥处理的土壤有效磷、速效钾含量及土壤磷酸酶、脲酶、蔗糖酶活性较芝麻饼肥分别提高了65.66%、23.36%、12.20%、24.39%、23.61%;蛴螬虫粪肥处理的土壤有效磷和速效钾含量、脲酶活性与芝麻饼肥无显著差异,而土壤有机质、碱解氮含量及土壤磷酸酶、蔗糖酶活性都降低;蚯蚓粪肥处理的土壤各养分指标和酶活性均显著低于芝麻饼肥处理;3种虫粪肥处理的土壤p H值均有所提高,蛴螬虫粪肥和黑水虻虫粪肥处理的土壤EC值升高;黑水虻虫粪肥处理的烟草株高、最大叶面积、根活力、根干重均高于芝麻饼肥,而蚯蚓粪肥和蛴螬虫粪肥处理低于芝麻饼肥;同时,黑水虻虫粪肥和蛴螬虫粪肥提高了烟叶的烟碱含量和糖含量,使烟叶中的钾、氯含量及钾氯比均处于或接近适值范围,品质更好。综上,3种虫粪肥中,黑水虻虫粪肥的肥效最佳,优于传统芝麻饼肥,提高了植烟土壤的养分含量,增强了土壤酶活性,促进了烟草生长和品质的提升。

Pot experiment of flue-cured tobacco‘Zhong Yan 10o',carried out to explore the effects of earthworm casts fertilizer,white grubs feces fertilizer and black soldier fly feces fertilizer on soil physicochemical properties and tobacco growth,with traditional sesame cake fertilizer as control.The results showed that the contents of available phosphorus and available potassium in soil and the activities of phosphatase,urease and invertase in soil treated with black soldier fly feces fertilizer increased by 65.66%,23.36%,12.20%,24.39%and 23.61%,respectively,compared with those treated with sesame cake fertilizer.The contents of available phosphorus and available potassium and urease activity in soil treated with white grubs feces fertilizer were not significantly different from those treated with sesame cake fertilizer,while the contents of soil organic matter and alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen and the activities of soil phosphatase and invertase were decreased.The soil nutrient indexes and enzyme activities of earthworm casts fertilizer were significantly lower than those of sesame cake fertilizer.The soil pH of the three kinds of insect feces organic fertilizer were increased,while the soil EC of the white grubs feces fertilizer and the black soldier fly feces fertilizer were increased.The tobacco plant height,maximum leaf area,root vigor and root dry weight of black soldier fly feces fertilizer were higher than those of sesame cake fertilizer,while those of earthworm casts fertilizer and white grubs feces fertilizer were lower than those of sesame cake fertilizer.At the same time,the contents of nicotine and sugar in tobacco leaves were increased by the treatment of black soldier fly feces fertilizer and white grubs feces fertilizer,and the contents of potassium,chlorine and potassium to chlorine ratio in tobacco leaves were in or close to the appropriate range,and the quality was better.In conclusion,among the three kinds of insect feces organic fertilizer treatments,black soldier fly feces fertilizer had the best fertilizer effect,which was superior to traditional sesame cake fertilizer,improved the nutrient content of tobacco soil,enhanced soil enzyme activity,and promoted tobacco growth and quality improvement.