积极抑或消极:基层治理中的干部污名、公共服务动机和行政绩效

Positive or Negative:Cadre Stigma,Public Service Motivation,and Administrative Performance in Grassroots Governance

基层干部素质关系到党的先进性引领和政府行为的合法性,进而影响到基层社会治理的成效。干部污名对基层干部素质的威胁在学界已达成基本共识,因而基层干部的“去污名化”理应成为实践界和学术界面临的共同命题。当前学界对干部污名的影响机理及其化解策略的探讨主要集中于宏观理论层次,而这一系列理论是否成立仍有待验证。综合“压力-应对”理论和自我认知评价理论,基于520名基层干部及其直接上级的两阶段匹配数据,本文得出如下结论:干部污名感会使基层干部的公共服务动机受损,致使其行政绩效受到影响;积极型干部污名化解策略会降低干部污名感对公共服务动机的负向影响,消极型干部污名化解策略则会增强这一负向影响。本研究从污名化解的策略视角丰富了干部污名的作用机理研究,进而夯实了干部污名研究的理论基础。另外,本研究结果对被污名化的基层干部选择何种化解策略、提升化解能力有重要的实践启发。

The quality of grassroots cadres is related to the advanced leadership of the Party and the legitimacy of government actions,which in turn affects the effectiveness of grassroots social governance.The threat of cadre stigma to the quality of grassroots cadres has reached a basic consensus in academic circles,so the“de-stigmatization”of grassroots cadres should become a common proposition for both practitioners and academics.The current discussion on the mechanism of cadres'stigmatization and its resolution strategy is mainly focused on the macro theory level,and the validity of this series of theories remains to be verified.Based on the two-stage matching data of 520 grassroots cadres and their direct supervisors,this paper concludes that cadre stigmatization can undermine the motivation of grassroots cadres in public service and affect their administrative performance.Positive cadre stigmatization strategies reduce the negative effect of cadre stigma on public service motivation,while negative cadre stigmatization strategies enhance this negative effect.This study enriches the study of the mechanism of cadre stigmatization from the perspective of stigmatization strategies,and thus strengthens the theoretical foundation of cadre stigmatization research.In addition,the results of this study have important practical implications for stigmatized grassroots cadres in terms of the choice of defusing strategies and enhancing their defusing ability.