紫苏醇对肉仔鸡生长性能、腹脂沉积、肝脏脂质代谢及屠宰性能的影响

Effects of perillol on growth performance,abdominal lipid deposition,liver lipid metabolism,and slaughter performance of broilers

试验旨在研究高脂饲粮中添加紫苏醇对黄羽肉仔鸡生长性能、腹脂沉积、肝脏脂质代谢及屠宰性能的影响。选取1日龄肉仔鸡45只,随机分为3组,每组3个重复,每个重复5只鸡。3组分别饲喂基础饲粮、高脂饲粮以及添加1 g/kg紫苏醇的高脂饲粮。预试期7 d,正式试验期15 d。结果显示,与高脂饲粮组相比,添加紫苏醇对肉仔鸡末重、平均日增重、平均日采食量、料重比及肠道长度无显著影响(P>0.05);紫苏醇显著降低了肉仔鸡的腹脂率(P<0.05),使脂肪细胞变小;紫苏醇显著降低了肝脏中甘油三酯(TG)和胆固醇(TC)含量(P<0.05),提高了血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)含量(P<0.05),降低了血清TG、TC和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)含量(P<0.05);紫苏醇提高了肝脏脂质代谢相关基因过氧化物酶增殖激活受体α (Pparα)、肉碱棕榈酰转移酶1 (Cpt1)和载脂蛋白A1 (Apoa1)的相对表达量,降低了载脂蛋白B (Apob)基因的相对表达量(P<0.05);紫苏醇显著提高了肉仔鸡的屠宰率、胸肌率和瘦肉率,降低了皮下脂肪厚度和肌间脂肪宽度(P<0.05)。研究表明,紫苏醇对肉鸡生长性能无显著影响,可通过调节与脂肪酸β-氧化和胆固醇转运相关基因的表达,减少肉仔鸡肝脏、血清和腹部的脂肪沉积,并提高了屠宰性能。

The purpose of this experiment was to study the effects of perillol on the growth performance,abdominal fat deposition,liver lipid metabolism,and slaughter performance of yellow feather broilers fed a high-fat diet.Forty-five 1-day-old broilers were randomly divided into three groups with three replicates in each group and five chickens in each replicate.The three groups were fed with basal diet,high-fat diet and high-fat diet supplemented with 1 g/kg perillol,respectively.The pre-test period was seven days,and the formal test period was 15 days.The results showed that compared with the high-fat diet group,the addition of perillol had no significant effect on the final weight,average daily gain,average daily feed intake,feed-to-weight ratio,and intestinal length of broilers(P>0.05).The addition of perillol significantly reduced the abdominal fat rate of broilers(P<0.05),and made the adipocytes smaller.The contentrations of triglyceride(TG)and cholesterol(TC)in liver decreased(P<0.05),the content of high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C)in serum increased(P<0.05),and the contentrations of TG,TC,and low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)in serum decreased(P<0.05).Perillol increased the relative expression of Pparα,Cpt1,and Apoa1 genes related to liver lipid metabolism,decreased the relative expression of Apobgene(P<0.05).The addition of perillol significantly increased the slaughter rate,chest muscle rate,and lean meat rate of broilers,and decreased the subcutaneous fat thickness and intermuscular fat width(P<0.05).The results showed that perillol had no significant effect on the growth performance of broilers,but could reduce the fat deposition in the liver,serum and abdomen of broilers by regulating the expression of genes related to fatty acidβ-oxidation and cholesterol transport,and improve the slaughter performance of broilers.